无需镜头和同步，用计算方法实现超分辨率光学成像。
Multiscale aperture synthesis imager
- 分布式编码传感器独立工作，通过计算同步相位。
- 突破衍射极限，在厘米级视场中分辨亚微米结构。
- 适合需要大视场高精度成像的科研与工业场景。
合成孔径成像已推动雷达到天文领域的突破性观测，但光学实现因多接收器间波前同步要求严苛而困难。本文提出多尺度合成孔径成像仪（MASI），利用并行性将复杂光学问题分解为可处理的子问题。MASI采用分布式编码传感器阵列，各自独立运行却保持相干性，超越单个接收器的衍射极限。通过计算相位同步方案融合各传感器传播波场，无需重叠测量区域即可建立相位一致性。光衍射在MASI中自然扩展成像视野，生成远大于传感器尺寸的相位对比图像。无需透镜，MASI可在超长工作距离下解析亚微米特征，并在厘米级场域重建三维形状。MASI将难以解决的光学同步问题转化为计算问题，实现了光学波长下可扩展合成孔径系统的实用化部署。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Synthetic aperture imaging has enabled breakthrough observations from radar to astronomy. However, optical implementation remains challenging due to stringent wavefield synchronization requirements among multiple receivers. Here we present the multiscale aperture synthesis imager (MASI), which utilizes parallelism to break complex optical challenges into tractable sub-problems. MASI employs a distributed array of coded sensors that operate independently yet coherently to surpass the diffraction limit of single receiver. It combines the propagated wavefields from individual sensors through a computational phase synchronization scheme, eliminating the need for overlapping measurement regions to establish phase coherence. Light diffraction in MASI naturally expands the imaging field, generating phase-contrast visualizations that are substantially larger than sensor dimensions. Without using lenses, MASI resolves sub-micron features at ultralong working distances and reconstructs 3D shapes over centimeter-scale fields. MASI transforms the intractable optical synchronization problem into a computational one, enabling practical deployment of scalable synthetic aperture systems at optical wavelengths.
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