arXiv:2511.06344cs.CLcs.AI2025-11被引 4

让大模型真正读懂时间序列数据,避免被文字误导。

TimeSense:Making Large Language Models Proficient in Time-Series Analysis

  • 引入时序感知模块,让模型在推理时保持对时间动态的敏感度。
  • 在10个任务上超越现有方法,尤其在多维时序推理中表现突出。
  • 适合需要精准时序理解的研究者和工业应用开发者。

在时间序列领域,越来越多的工作将文本与时间数据结合,利用大语言模型(LLM)的推理能力完成各类下游任务,使单一模型可灵活应对原本需专用模型的场景。然而,这些方法通常依赖文本标签进行训练,导致模型偏向文本线索,可能忽视完整的时序特征,从而产生与实际时间序列上下文矛盾的输出。为解决此问题,我们构建了EvalTS基准,包含10项任务,覆盖三个难度级别,从基础的时间模式识别到复杂的现实世界推理,以评估模型在更具挑战性、更真实场景下的表现。我们提出TimeSense,一种多模态框架,通过平衡文本推理与保留时序感知,使LLM具备时间序列分析能力。TimeSense引入时序感知模块,在模型上下文中重构输入时间序列,确保文本推理基于真实时间动态。此外,为增强时间序列的空间理解,我们显式引入基于坐标的位置嵌入,为每个时间点提供空间上下文,使模型更有效地捕捉结构依赖关系。实验结果表明,TimeSense在多个任务上达到领先性能,尤其在复杂多维时间序列推理任务中显著优于现有方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In the time-series domain, an increasing number of works combine text with temporal data to leverage the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for various downstream time-series understanding tasks. This enables a single model to flexibly perform tasks that previously required specialized models for each domain. However, these methods typically rely on text labels for supervision during training, biasing the model toward textual cues while potentially neglecting the full temporal features. Such a bias can lead to outputs that contradict the underlying time-series context. To address this issue, we construct the EvalTS benchmark, comprising 10 tasks across three difficulty levels, from fundamental temporal pattern recognition to complex real-world reasoning, to evaluate models under more challenging and realistic scenarios. We also propose TimeSense, a multimodal framework that makes LLMs proficient in time-series analysis by balancing textual reasoning with a preserved temporal sense. TimeSense incorporates a Temporal Sense module that reconstructs the input time-series within the model's context, ensuring that textual reasoning is grounded in the time-series dynamics. Moreover, to enhance spatial understanding of time-series data, we explicitly incorporate coordinate-based positional embeddings, which provide each time point with spatial context and enable the model to capture structural dependencies more effectively. Experimental results demonstrate that TimeSense achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple tasks, and it particularly outperforms existing methods on complex multi-dimensional time-series reasoning tasks.

时间序列大模型多模态

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