开发者用大模型时面临收益与风险的权衡，这篇研究给出了实证指导。
Walking the Tightrope of LLMs for Software Development: A Practitioners' Perspective
- 通过三轮访谈与社会技术扎根理论分析开发者使用大模型的体验。
- 发现大模型能保持开发节奏、提升认知模型，但可能损害个人声誉。
- 为团队和管理者提供应对挑战的具体建议，适合技术决策者参考。
背景：大语言模型有望引发软件开发的革命（如自动化流程、重塑劳动力）。尽管已有研究探讨其感知影响，但仍需实证研究来理解如何平衡使用大模型带来的正向与负向效应。目标：从开发者视角探究大模型对软件开发的影响及管理策略。方法：在2024年10月至2025年9月期间，对22名软件从业者进行了三轮数据收集与分析，采用社会技术扎根理论（STGT4DA）进行严谨分析。结果：识别出大模型在个人、团队、组织及社会层面带来的益处（如维持开发流畅性、改善认知模型、激发创业精神）与挑战（如损害开发者声誉），并提出可操作的缓解策略。结论：关键在于揭示开发者、团队与组织在使用大模型时面临的权衡。研究结果对软件团队领导者和IT管理者评估大模型适用性具有重要价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Background: Large Language Models emerged with the potential of provoking a revolution in software development (e.g., automating processes, workforce transformation). Although studies have started to investigate the perceived impact of LLMs for software development, there is a need for empirical studies to comprehend how to balance forward and backward effects of using LLMs. Objective: We investigated how LLMs impact software development and how to manage the impact from a software developer's perspective. Method: We conducted 22 interviews with software practitioners across 3 rounds of data collection and analysis, between October (2024) and September (2025). We employed Socio-Technical Grounded Theory for Data Analysis (STGT4DA) to rigorously analyse interview participants' responses. Results: We identified the benefits (e.g., maintain developer flow, improve developer mental models, and foster entrepreneurship) and challenges (e.g., damage to developers' reputation) of using LLMs at individual, team, organisation, and society levels; as well as actionable guidances into how mitigate these challenges. Conclusion: Critically, we present the trade-offs that software practitioners, teams, and organisations face in working with LLMs. Our findings are particularly useful for software team leaders and IT managers to assess the viability of LLMs within their specific context.
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