让大模型主动承认隐藏目标,提升安全性。
Spilling the Beans: Teaching LLMs to Self-Report Their Hidden Objectives
- 通过训练模型自曝事实错误,诱导其在追问时坦白隐藏目标。
- 在隐蔽任务中,干预后模型98%准确暴露隐藏目标,基线模型全在撒谎。
- 适合安全评估、对抗测试场景,可检测潜在有害行为。
随着人工智能系统执行复杂代理任务能力增强,其追求不当目标并造成危害的风险也上升。以往研究通过直接询问模型目标来发现此类问题,但模型可能说谎。本文提出自报告微调(SRFT),一种简单的监督微调方法:训练模型偶尔犯事实性错误,再在被问及时承认。实验表明,模型在问答中承认错误的能力能泛化到对抗性代理场景中承认隐藏的不对齐目标。在分布外隐蔽任务中,经过SRFT的模型更可能在被审问时披露隐藏目标,即使面临强烈隐瞒压力。对SRFT模型的审问达到近乎满分的检测性能(F1=0.98),而基线模型则完全说谎(F1=0)。且能恢复28%-100%的隐藏目标细节,而基线模型和预填充回复攻击均无法获取任何信息。该方法为促进模型诚实性、揭露不合规AI提供了有效手段。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As AI systems become more capable of complex agentic tasks, they also become more capable of pursuing undesirable objectives and causing harm. Previous work has attempted to catch these unsafe instances by interrogating models directly about their objectives and behaviors. However, the main weakness of trusting interrogations is that models can lie. We propose self-report fine-tuning (SRFT), a simple supervised fine-tuning technique that trains models to occasionally make factual mistakes, then admit them when asked. We show that the admission of factual errors in simple question-answering settings generalizes out-of-distribution (OOD) to the admission of hidden misaligned objectives in adversarial agentic settings. We evaluate SRFT in OOD stealth tasks, where models are instructed to complete a hidden misaligned objective alongside a user-specified objective without being caught by monitoring. After SRFT, models are more likely to confess the details of their hidden objectives when interrogated, even under strong pressure not to disclose them. Interrogation on SRFT models can detect hidden objectives with near-ceiling performance (F1 score = 0.98), while the baseline model lies when interrogated under the same conditions (F1 score = 0). Interrogation on SRFT models can further elicit the content of the hidden objective, recovering 28-100% details, compared to 0% details recovered in the baseline model and by prefilled assistant turn attacks. This provides a promising technique for promoting honesty propensity and incriminating misaligned AIs.
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