用隐式向量实现私有数据下的高效联邦微调,减少计算和传输开销。
Implicit Federated In-context Learning For Task-Specific LLM Fine-Tuning
- 将客户端上下文转为隐式向量,推理时分布式协作
- 相比传统方法减少参数更新、数据传输和本地计算
- 适合需保护隐私的领域任务微调,如医疗金融
随着大语言模型的发展,其依赖的公开数据面临枯竭风险。利用组织内部私有数据提升模型性能成为关键挑战。联邦学习结合微调虽能减少可训练参数,但高维特征空间处理带来巨大计算开销。为此,本文提出隐式联邦上下文学习(IFed-ICL)框架。该框架借鉴联邦学习思想,将客户端本地上下文示例转化为隐式向量表示,在推理阶段实现分布式协同计算,并通过注入模型残差流提升性能。实验表明,该方法在多个文本分类任务上表现优异。相比传统方法,IFed-ICL避免了大规模参数更新,同时降低联邦学习中的数据传输与本地计算开销,实现了基于本地私有数据的高效分布式上下文学习,显著提升特定任务模型性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As large language models continue to develop and expand, the extensive public data they rely on faces the risk of depletion. Consequently, leveraging private data within organizations to enhance the performance of large models has emerged as a key challenge. The federated learning paradigm, combined with model fine-tuning techniques, effectively reduces the number of trainable parameters. However,the necessity to process high-dimensional feature spaces results in substantial overall computational overhead. To address this issue, we propose the Implicit Federated In-Context Learning (IFed-ICL) framework. IFed-ICL draws inspiration from federated learning to establish a novel distributed collaborative paradigm, by converting client local context examples into implicit vector representations, it enables distributed collaborative computation during the inference phase and injects model residual streams to enhance model performance. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves outstanding performance across multiple text classification tasks. Compared to traditional methods, IFed-ICL avoids the extensive parameter updates required by conventional fine-tuning methods while reducing data transmission and local computation at the client level in federated learning. This enables efficient distributed context learning using local private-domain data, significantly improving model performance on specific tasks.
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