arXiv:2511.07397cs.CL2025-11

让小模型实时生成对话,同时无缝融合大模型推理结果。

Thinking While Speaking: Inference-Time Knowledge Transfer for Responsive and Intelligent Conversational Voice Agents

  • 小模型先快速回应,再逐步融入大模型的推理知识。
  • 毫秒级首响应时间,准确率接近大模型的94%。
  • 适合需要快速又精准的语音助手场景。

语音助手面临根本矛盾:使基础模型具备推理、检索和工具使用能力的机制是迭代且缓慢的,而对话交互要求毫秒级响应。小型实时模型虽满足延迟要求,却无法完成复杂任务,导致现有语音助手只能在响应速度与能力之间妥协。本文提出对话补全(Conversational Infill),即小型说话模型在生成即时上下文相关回复的同时,将外部推理模型的知识流式整合进回应中。我们构建了一个包含290,571个样本的合成数据集,覆盖六个领域,并证明该任务可在七种不同规模的小型语言模型(参数量从135M到1.7B)上学习。系统实现ConvFill,在保持毫秒级首响应时间的前提下,准确率与对应前沿推理模型相差仅6.3%。在18名用户的实时测试中,参与者认为ConvFill整体表现媲美前沿模型,尤其在检索密集型任务中更受青睐,且显著感觉更响应迅速。结果表明,对话补全开辟了延迟-能力权衡的新边界,为既快速又智能的语音助手提供了可行路径。代码、模型与数据集已公开于https://github.com/vysri/conversational-infill。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Voice agents face a fundamental tension: the reasoning, retrieval, and tool use that make foundation models capable are iterative and slow, while conversational interaction demands responses on a millisecond timescale. Smaller, real-time models meet the latency bar but cannot match foundation models on complex tasks, leaving current voice agents to trade away either responsiveness or capability. We introduce conversational infill, where a small talker model both immediately generates contextually grounded responses to hide the latency of an external reasoner model and fluently integrates streamed reasoner knowledge into its responses during inference. We curate a 290,571-example synthetic dataset spanning six domains and demonstrate that this task is learnable across seven widely used small language models ranging from 135M to 1.7B parameters. Our system implementation, ConvFill, sustains millisecond-level time-to-first-response while closing the accuracy gap to within 6.3% of the corresponding frontier reasoner performance. In a live user study (n=18) with talker deployments running on an Apple M2 SoC, participants rank ConvFill on par with frontier models overall, prefer it for retrieval-heavy tasks, and rate it significantly more responsive. These results show that conversational infill unlocks a new point on the latency-capability Pareto frontier, offering a practical path toward voice agents that are both responsive and highly capable. Code, models, and datasets are available at https://github.com/vysri/conversational-infill.

语音助手实时推理小模型增强

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