用数学函数建模压力对反应速率的影响,让机器学习更懂化学反应规律。
Kolmogorov-Arnold Chemical Reaction Neural Networks for learning pressure-dependent kinetic rate laws
- 用柯尔莫哥洛夫-阿诺德激活函数让参数随第三体浓度变化
- 在稀疏数据下准确预测不同温度压力下的反应速率,误差降低2.88倍
- 适合燃烧和复杂化学系统中需要物理约束的模型发现
化学反应神经网络(CRNN)是一种可解释的机器学习框架,能直接从数据中发现符合阿伦尼乌斯定律和质量作用定律的反应动力学。但传统CRNN无法描述压力依赖或混合物相关的速率行为,这类问题在燃烧和化工系统中至关重要,通常需借助经验性修正如Troe或SRI公式,或基于数据插值/多项式拟合如PLOG或切比雪夫多项式。本文提出柯尔莫哥洛夫-阿诺德化学反应神经网络(KA-CRNN),通过将每个动力学参数建模为第三体浓度的可学习函数,扩展了CRNN的能力。该结构保持了原始CRNN的物理可解释性和约束条件,同时实现无需假设的全局及碰撞体特异性压力效应推断。两个概念验证研究展示了KA-CRNN在多种温度、压力和浴气混合物条件下,准确复现压力依赖与碰撞体特异性的动力学行为,仅用稀疏训练数据即可提取有意义且泛化性强的模型,性能显著优于插值方法(均方误差降低2.88倍)。该框架为复杂反应系统中扩展动力学行为的数据驱动发现奠定了基础,推动了可解释且物理约束的化学模型推断发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Chemical Reaction Neural Networks (CRNNs) have emerged as an interpretable machine learning framework for discovering reaction kinetics directly from data, while strictly adhering to the Arrhenius and mass action laws. However, standard CRNNs cannot represent pressure-dependent or mixture-based rate behavior, which is critical in many combustion and chemical systems and typically requires empirical falloff formulations such as Troe or SRI, or data-based interpolation or polynomial fits such as PLOG or Chebyshev Polynomials. Here, we develop Kolmogorov-Arnold Chemical Reaction Neural Networks (KA-CRNNs) that generalize CRNNs by modeling each kinetic parameter as a learnable function of third-body concentrations using Kolmogorov-Arnold activations. This structure maintains the Arrhenius and mass action interpretability and physical constraints of a vanilla CRNN while enabling assumption-free inference of global and collider-specific pressure effects directly from data. Two proof-of-concept reaction studies are presented to highlight the capability of KA-CRNNs to accurately reproduce pressure-dependent and collider-specific kinetics across a range of temperatures, pressures, and bath gas mixtures, extracting meaningful and generalizable models from sparse training data and significantly outperforming interpolative approaches (2.88x reduction in MSE). The framework establishes a foundation for data-driven discovery of extended kinetic behaviors in complex reacting systems, advancing interpretable and physics-constrained approaches for chemical model inference.
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