用可微分方法加速布尔可满足性求解,混合GPU-CPU提升200倍速度。
TurboSAT: Gradient-Guided Boolean Satisfiability Accelerated on GPU-CPU Hybrid System
- 将SAT问题转化为可微分矩阵运算,利用梯度搜索解空间。
- 在公开基准上相较顶尖CPU求解器提速超200倍,验证高效性。
- 适合需要大规模快速求解的硬件验证、形式化证明场景。
尽管加速计算已改变多个计算领域,但其对逻辑推理——特别是布尔可满足性(SAT)——的影响仍有限。当前最先进的SAT求解器严重依赖本质上串行的冲突驱动搜索算法,虽具强大启发式策略,却限制了并行潜力。受神经网络训练启发,我们将SAT问题建模为可二值化的矩阵-矩阵乘法层,可通过可微目标函数优化。基于此编码,我们结合并行可微优化与串行搜索的优势,在混合GPU-CPU系统上加速SAT求解。其中,GPU利用并行可微求解快速评估子句,并通过梯度随机探索解空间、优化变量赋值;生成的有希望的局部解由多核CPU线程后处理,采用冲突驱动的串行搜索进一步遍历子空间以发现完整解。在NVIDIA DGX GB200节点上原型实现该混合求解器,在SAT竞赛公开的可满足基准问题上,相比顶尖CPU求解器获得超过200倍的运行时加速。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While accelerated computing has transformed many domains of computing, its impact on logical reasoning, specifically Boolean satisfiability (SAT), remains limited. State-of-the-art SAT solvers rely heavily on inherently sequential conflict-driven search algorithms that offer powerful heuristics but limit the amount of parallelism that could otherwise enable significantly more scalable SAT solving. Inspired by neural network training, we formulate the SAT problem as a binarized matrix-matrix multiplication layer that could be optimized using a differentiable objective function. Enabled by this encoding, we combine the strengths of parallel differentiable optimization and sequential search to accelerate SAT on a hybrid GPU-CPU system. In this system, the GPUs leverage parallel differentiable solving to rapidly evaluate SAT clauses and use gradients to stochastically explore the solution space and optimize variable assignments. Promising partial assignments generated by the GPUs are post-processed on many CPU threads which exploit conflict-driven sequential search to further traverse the solution subspaces and identify complete assignments. Prototyping the hybrid solver on an NVIDIA DGX GB200 node, our solver achieves runtime speedups up to over 200x when compared to a state-of-the-art CPU-based solver on public satisfiable benchmark problems from the SAT Competition.
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