揭示人类创造性问题求解中灵活推理的脑电机制
Neurophysiological Characteristics of Adaptive Reasoning for Creative Problem-Solving Strategy
- 通过脑电分析发现，δ-θ-α波段协同活动支持规则探索与确认
- 人类在成功识别规则后出现枕区α波增强，体现注意力稳定
- 大模型仅短期响应反馈，缺乏真正的上下文适应能力
自适应推理使人类能在环境规则变化时灵活调整推理策略，但其神经机制仍不明确。本研究结合卡片分类任务与脑电图技术，探究了自适应推理的神经生理机制，并对比了人类表现与多模态大语言模型的表现。刺激与反馈锁相分析显示，δ-θ-α波段存在协调动态：早期δ-θ活动反映探索性监控与规则推断，而枕区α波参与则表明规则识别成功后的注意力确认与稳定。相比之下，多模态大语言模型仅表现出短期反馈驱动的调整，缺乏层级规则抽象与真实自适应推理能力。研究揭示了人类自适应推理的神经标记，并强调需发展受大脑启发的人工智能，以实现真正的情境敏感适应。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Adaptive reasoning enables humans to flexibly adjust inference strategies when environmental rules or contexts change, yet its underlying neural dynamics remain unclear. This study investigated the neurophysiological mechanisms of adaptive reasoning using a card-sorting paradigm combined with electroencephalography and compared human performance with that of a multimodal large language model. Stimulus- and feedback-locked analyses revealed coordinated delta-theta-alpha dynamics: early delta-theta activity reflected exploratory monitoring and rule inference, whereas occipital alpha engagement indicated confirmatory stabilization of attention after successful rule identification. In contrast, the multimodal large language model exhibited only short-term feedback-driven adjustments without hierarchical rule abstraction or genuine adaptive reasoning. These findings identify the neural signatures of human adaptive reasoning and highlight the need for brain-inspired artificial intelligence that incorporates oscillatory feedback coordination for true context-sensitive adaptation.
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