用优势引导探索,让智能体更聪明地选择该试什么动作。
PrefPoE: Advantage-Guided Preference Fusion for Learning Where to Explore
- 通过偏好融合机制,让策略聚焦高收益动作。
- 在多个任务中提升性能超300%,训练更稳定高效。
- 适合需要高效探索的强化学习新研究者使用。
强化学习中的探索仍是关键挑战,单纯最大化熵常导致方差大、更新效率低。本文提出 extbf{PrefPoE},一种基于偏好-专家产品(Preference-Product-of-Experts)的新框架,首次将专家产品(PoE)融合原理应用于单任务探索-利用平衡,实现有策略的探索。通过训练偏好网络将概率质量集中在高优势动作上,并与主策略通过 PoE 融合,构建出稳定的软信任区域,从而在保持目标探索的同时优化策略更新。在涵盖连续与离散动作空间的多种控制任务中,表现显著提升:HalfCheetah-v4 上性能提升 +321%(从 1276 到 5375),Ant-v4 提升 +69%,LunarLander-v2 提升 +276%,且训练稳定性与样本效率持续增强。相比标准 PPO 易出现熵崩溃的问题,PrefPoE 通过独特动态维持自适应探索,避免过早收敛,实现更优性能。结果表明,学习‘在何处探索’与‘如何行动’同等重要,为全范围强化学习提供了通用增强框架。代码与预训练模型见补充材料。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Exploration in reinforcement learning remains a critical challenge, as naive entropy maximization often results in high variance and inefficient policy updates. We introduce \textbf{PrefPoE}, a novel \textit{Preference-Product-of-Experts} framework that performs intelligent, advantage-guided exploration via the first principled application of product-of-experts (PoE) fusion for single-task exploration-exploitation balancing. By training a preference network to concentrate probability mass on high-advantage actions and fusing it with the main policy through PoE, PrefPoE creates a \textbf{soft trust region} that stabilizes policy updates while maintaining targeted exploration. Across diverse control tasks spanning both continuous and discrete action spaces, PrefPoE demonstrates consistent improvements: +321\% on HalfCheetah-v4 (1276~$\rightarrow$~5375), +69\% on Ant-v4, +276\% on LunarLander-v2, with consistently enhanced training stability and sample efficiency. Unlike standard PPO, which suffers from entropy collapse, PrefPoE sustains adaptive exploration through its unique dynamics, thereby preventing premature convergence and enabling superior performance. Our results establish that learning \textit{where to explore} through advantage-guided preferences is as crucial as learning how to act, offering a general framework for enhancing policy gradient methods across the full spectrum of reinforcement learning domains. Code and pretrained models are available in supplementary materials.
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