提出新方法解决多目标强化学习中优先级排序难题,适合连续动作空间。
LPPG-RL: Lexicographically Projected Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning with Subproblem Exploration
- 用梯度投影分步优化,自动满足目标优先级顺序。
- 在2D导航任务中超越现有最优连续多目标方法。
- 适合需要严格优先级的机器人控制等实际场景。
词典序多目标问题在真实应用中常见,包含具有明确优先级的多个冲突子任务。尽管强化学习在单任务中表现优异,但将其扩展到有优先级的多目标场景仍具挑战性。传统安全强化学习和多目标强化学习方法难以高效实现优先级约束。为此,研究者提出了词典序多目标强化学习(LMORL)方法。然而,现有方法或依赖启发式阈值调参,或仅限于离散状态空间。本文提出一种新框架LPPG-RL,通过序列梯度投影识别可行策略更新方向,可与所有连续空间的策略梯度算法兼容。该方法将投影步骤重构为优化问题,并采用Dykstra投影而非通用求解器,显著提升效率,尤其适用于小到中等规模实例。此外,引入子问题探索(SE)机制,防止梯度消失,加速收敛并增强稳定性。理论证明了收敛性,并给出了策略改进的下界。大量实验在2D导航环境中验证了有效性,结果表明其优于现有最先进连续LMORL方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Lexicographic multi-objective problems, which consist of multiple conflicting subtasks with explicit priorities, are common in real-world applications. Despite the advantages of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in single tasks, extending conventional RL methods to prioritized multiple objectives remains challenging. In particular, traditional Safe RL and Multi-Objective RL (MORL) methods have difficulty enforcing priority orderings efficiently. Therefore, Lexicographic Multi-Objective RL (LMORL) methods have been developed to address these challenges. However, existing LMORL methods either rely on heuristic threshold tuning with prior knowledge or are restricted to discrete domains. To overcome these limitations, we propose Lexicographically Projected Policy Gradient RL (LPPG-RL), a novel LMORL framework which leverages sequential gradient projections to identify feasible policy update directions, thereby enabling LPPG-RL broadly compatible with all policy gradient algorithms in continuous spaces. LPPG-RL reformulates the projection step as an optimization problem, and utilizes Dykstra's projection rather than generic solvers to deliver great speedups, especially for small- to medium-scale instances. In addition, LPPG-RL introduces Subproblem Exploration (SE) to prevent gradient vanishing, accelerate convergence and enhance stability. We provide theoretical guarantees for convergence and establish a lower bound on policy improvement. Finally, through extensive experiments in a 2D navigation environment, we demonstrate the effectiveness of LPPG-RL, showing that it outperforms existing state-of-the-art continuous LMORL methods.
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