用神经网络自动识别太空望远镜中的系外行星信号,准确率接近顶尖水平。
WATSON-Net: Vetting, Validation, and Analysis of Transits from Space Observations with Neural Networks
- 基于深度学习构建多模型集成分类器,统一处理开普勒与TESS数据
- 开普勒数据上召回率在99%精确率下达90.3%,仅次于ExoMiner
- 无需微调即可在TESS数据上表现最优,适合天体物理研究者使用
随着探测到的系外行星候选体数量持续增长,开发高效可靠的自动化工具以优先筛选或验证这些信号变得日益重要。本文提出WATSON-Net,一个开源神经网络分类器及数据预处理工具包,旨在与当前最先进的系外行星信号验核工具竞争。该模型在开普勒任务前17个季度(Q1-Q17)DR25数据上通过10折交叉验证训练,生成十个独立模型,并在专用验证集和测试集上评估性能。通过标准化输入流程,模型可扩展至TESS数据。在开普勒目标中,其在99%精确率下的召回率为0.903,排名第二,仅略低于ExoMiner(0.936)。在包含确认行星与误报的TESS测试集中,其精确率为0.93,召回率为0.76,成为无需微调的最优机器学习分类器。模型及数据处理工具均已开源,集成于SHERLOCK验核流水线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Context. As the number of detected transiting exoplanet candidates continues to grow, the need for robust and scalable automated tools to prioritize or validate them has become increasingly critical. Among the most promising solutions, deep learning models offer the ability to interpret complex diagnostic metrics traditionally used in the vetting process. Aims. In this work, we present WATSON-Net, a new open-source neural network classifier and data preparation package designed to compete with current state-of-the-art tools for vetting and validation of transiting exoplanet signals from space-based missions. Methods. Trained on Kepler Q1-Q17 DR25 data using 10-fold cross-validation, WATSON-Net produces ten independent models, each evaluated on dedicated validation and test sets. The ten models are calibrated and prepared to be extensible for TESS data by standardizing the input pipeline, allowing for performance assessment across different space missions. Results. For Kepler targets, WATSON-Net achieves a recall-at-precision of 0.99 ([email protected]) of 0.903, ranking second, with only the ExoMiner network performing better ([email protected] = 0.936). For TESS signals, WATSON-Net emerges as the best-performing non-fine-tuned machine learning classifier, achieving a precision of 0.93 and a recall of 0.76 on a test set comprising confirmed planets and false positives. Both the model and its data preparation tools are publicly available in the dearwatson Python package, fully open-source and integrated into the vetting engine of the SHERLOCK pipeline.
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