arXiv:2511.09843cs.CVastro-ph.IM2025-11

用基础模型嵌入分析太阳风结构,打通遥感与原位观测的桥梁。

CORONA-Fields: Leveraging Foundation Models for Classification of Solar Wind Phenomena

  • 将太阳物理基础模型嵌入用于太阳风特征表示
  • 结合傅里叶特征编码位置与磁连接性,实现神经场建模
  • 首次证明基础模型可适配原位太阳风分类任务

地球空间天气由太阳活动驱动,对轨道卫星和地面关键基础设施构成日益增长的风险。主要来源是太阳风和日冕物质抛射,其密度、速度、温度和磁场的多变性使得自动化分类极具挑战。本文将一个在太阳动力学观测台图像上预训练的基础模型,适配为适用于太阳风结构分析的嵌入表示。这些嵌入与航天器位置及太阳磁连接性(通过傅里叶特征编码)相结合,构建基于神经场的深度学习模型。整个架构经过微调,弥合了遥感与原位观测之间的差距。标签来自帕克太阳探测器测量数据,形成下游分类任务,将等离子体特性映射到太阳风结构。尽管整体分类性能有限,可能源于标签粗略、类别不平衡及预训练模型迁移能力不足,但本研究证明了利用基础模型嵌入开展原位太阳风任务的可行性。作为首个概念验证,为未来更可靠的空间天气预测奠定基础。代码与配置文件已公开,支持可复现性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Space weather at Earth, driven by the solar activity, poses growing risks to satellites around our planet as well as to critical ground-based technological infrastructure. Major space weather contributors are the solar wind and coronal mass ejections whose variable density, speed, temperature, and magnetic field make the automated classification of those structures challenging. In this work, we adapt a foundation model for solar physics, originally trained on Solar Dynamics Observatory imagery, to create embeddings suitable for solar wind structure analysis. These embeddings are concatenated with the spacecraft position and solar magnetic connectivity encoded using Fourier features which generates a neural field-based model. The full deep learning architecture is fine-tuned bridging the gap between remote sensing and in situ observations. Labels are derived from Parker Solar Probe measurements, forming a downstream classification task that maps plasma properties to solar wind structures. Although overall classification performance is modest, likely due to coarse labeling, class imbalance, and limited transferability of the pretrained model, this study demonstrates the feasibility of leveraging foundation model embeddings for in situ solar wind tasks. As a first proof-of-concept, it lays the groundwork for future improvements toward more reliable space weather predictions. The code and configuration files used in this study are publicly available to support reproducibility.

太阳风基础模型神经场空间天气

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