arXiv:2511.10062cs.LG2025-11被引 9

为量子神经网络设计更省算力的架构,提升效率与性能平衡。

FAQNAS: FLOPs-aware Hybrid Quantum Neural Architecture Search using Genetic Algorithm

  • 用遗传算法优化量子-经典混合网络,同时考虑精度与计算量。
  • 实验表明量子部分的算力消耗主导性能提升,经典部分相对固定。
  • 找到性价比更高的模型,适合资源受限的量子硬件部署。

混合量子神经网络(HQNN)结合参数化量子线路与经典神经层,是当前噪声中等规模量子(NISQ)时代有前景的模型。尽管量子电路本身不以浮点运算(FLOPs)衡量,但多数HQNN在经典模拟器上训练,此时FLOPs直接决定运行时间和可扩展性,因此成为衡量计算复杂度的实用指标。本文提出FAQNAS,一种兼顾精度与FLOPs的神经架构搜索框架,将HQNN设计建模为多目标优化问题。不同于传统方法,该框架显式将FLOPs纳入优化目标,从而发现高精度且低计算成本的架构。在五个基准数据集(MNIST、Digits、Wine、Breast Cancer、Iris)上的实验显示,量子部分的FLOPs主导准确率提升,而经典部分的FLOPs基本保持稳定。帕累托最优解表明,相比忽略算力的基线方法,可在显著降低计算开销的前提下实现相近甚至更优的准确率。结果确立了在NISQ时代以FLOPs为导向的设计原则,并为未来可扩展的HQNN系统提供指导。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks (HQNNs), which combine parameterized quantum circuits with classical neural layers, are emerging as promising models in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. While quantum circuits are not naturally measured in floating point operations (FLOPs), most HQNNs (in NISQ era) are still trained on classical simulators where FLOPs directly dictate runtime and scalability. Hence, FLOPs represent a practical and viable metric to measure the computational complexity of HQNNs. In this work, we introduce FAQNAS, a FLOPs-aware neural architecture search (NAS) framework that formulates HQNN design as a multi-objective optimization problem balancing accuracy and FLOPs. Unlike traditional approaches, FAQNAS explicitly incorporates FLOPs into the optimization objective, enabling the discovery of architectures that achieve strong performance while minimizing computational cost. Experiments on five benchmark datasets (MNIST, Digits, Wine, Breast Cancer, and Iris) show that quantum FLOPs dominate accuracy improvements, while classical FLOPs remain largely fixed. Pareto-optimal solutions reveal that competitive accuracy can often be achieved with significantly reduced computational cost compared to FLOPs-agnostic baselines. Our results establish FLOPs-awareness as a practical criterion for HQNN design in the NISQ era and as a scalable principle for future HQNN systems.

量子神经网络架构搜索算力优化

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