arXiv:2511.10993cs.CV2025-11

无需额外数据,用固定提示生成多样且稳定图像。

CLUE: Controllable Latent space of Unprompted Embeddings for Diversity Management in Text-to-Image Synthesis

论文配图:CLUE: Controllable Latent space of Unprompted Embeddings for Diversity Management in Text-to-Image Synthesis
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过风格编码器与新注意力层控制潜在空间,实现无提示图像多样性
  • 在中耳炎数据集上FID降至9.30(原46.81),召回率提升至70.29%
  • 适合医疗等小样本领域,可有效扩充合成数据提升分类性能

文本到图像生成模型需在保持稳定性的同时生成多样化图像。现有方法依赖提示-图像数据集或训练时引入多模态数据,但在医学等专业领域受限于数据类型少、数量不足。本文提出CLUE(Controllable Latent space of Unprompted Embeddings),基于Stable Diffusion架构,通过风格编码器处理图像与提示生成风格嵌入,并引入新的第二注意力层。利用Kullback-Leibler散度使潜在空间在高斯区域内连续表示图像特征,独立于提示。在中耳炎数据集上,CLUE将FID降低至9.30(对比46.81),召回率提升至70.29%(对比49.60%)。仅使用合成数据扩增1000%时,分类器F1达83.21%(对比73.83%);合成+等量真实数据组合后达94.76%,优于纯真实数据。外部数据集上合成数据1000%扩增时F1为76.77%(对比60.61%),组合方法达85.78%,优于内部数据单独使用。结果表明,CLUE可在小样本场景下实现多样稳定生成,是领域专用数据增强的有效方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Text-to-image synthesis models require the ability to generate diverse images while maintaining stability. To overcome this challenge, a number of methods have been proposed, including the collection of prompt-image datasets and the integration of additional data modalities during training. Although these methods have shown promising results in general domains, they face limitations when applied to specialized fields such as medicine, where only limited types and insufficient amounts of data are available. We present CLUE (Controllable Latent space of Unprompted Embeddings), a generative model framework that achieves diverse generation while maintaining stability through fixed-format prompts without requiring any additional data. Based on the Stable Diffusion architecture, CLUE employs a Style Encoder that processes images and prompts to generate style embeddings, which are subsequently fed into a new second attention layer of the U-Net architecture. Through Kullback-Leibler divergence, the latent space achieves continuous representation of image features within Gaussian regions, independent of prompts. Performance was assessed on otitis media dataset. CLUE reduced FID to 9.30 (vs. 46.81) and improved recall to 70.29% (vs. 49.60%). A classifier trained on synthetic-only data at 1000% scale achieved an F1 score of 83.21% (vs. 73.83%). Combining synthetic data with equal amounts of real data achieved an F1 score of 94.76%, higher than when using only real data. On an external dataset, synthetic-only training achieved an F1 score of 76.77% (vs. 60.61%) at 1000% scale. The combined approach achieved an F1 score of 85.78%, higher than when using only the internal dataset. These results demonstrate that CLUE enables diverse yet stable image generation from limited datasets and serves as an effective data augmentation method for domain-specific applications.

文本生成图像数据增强医疗影像潜在空间控制

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