对比解释：为什么a属于某类而b不属于。
Can You Tell the Difference? Contrastive Explanations for ABox Entailments
- 通过对比正例与反例，找出两者在逻辑上的关键差异
- 在轻量与高表达力逻辑下分析了计算复杂度
- 适合需要可解释推理的知识库应用者
我们提出了对比性ABox解释的新概念，用于回答“为何a是类C的实例，而b不是”这类问题。现有方法仅能单独解释正向蕴含或缺失蕴含，而对比解释同时考虑二者，从而聚焦于a与b之间的共性与差异。本文针对描述逻辑本体中的ABox推理，定义了合适的对比解释形式，并在不同优化标准下分析了多种变体的计算复杂度，涵盖轻量型与更丰富表达能力的描述逻辑。我们实现了一种对比解释的计算方法，并在真实知识库生成的问题上进行了评估。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We introduce the notion of contrastive ABox explanations to answer questions of the type "Why is a an instance of C, but b is not?". While there are various approaches for explaining positive entailments (why is C(a) entailed by the knowledge base) as well as missing entailments (why is C(b) not entailed) in isolation, contrastive explanations consider both at the same time, which allows them to focus on the relevant commonalities and differences between a and b. We develop an appropriate notion of contrastive explanations for the special case of ABox reasoning with description logic ontologies, and analyze the computational complexity for different variants under different optimality criteria, considering lightweight as well as more expressive description logics. We implemented a first method for computing one variant of contrastive explanations, and evaluated it on generated problems for realistic knowledge bases.
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