梳理信息威胁下人机系统的决策机制，提出融合认知研究的防护新方向
Decision-Making Amid Information-Based Threats in Sociotechnical Systems: A Review
- 整合人类信息处理与信息威胁研究，发现共性认知机制
- 揭示信息过载与误导在复杂系统中如何影响决策质量
- 适合关注人机协同、认知安全的研究者参考
技术系统日益成为人类信息交互的核心媒介，涵盖人与人之间以及人与人工智能代理之间的互动。通过这些系统传播的信息规模空前，依赖度极高，显著扩大了信息对决策的影响范围，既可能促进理性判断，也可能破坏决策可靠性。因此，当前理解和保护决策过程面临严峻挑战：个人与组织需在多样领域和信息环境中应对不断演变的机遇与信息威胁。尽管此类风险已被广泛认识，相关研究仍处于分散状态——信息威胁现象评估工作大多脱离人类信息处理的基础研究。本文综述两个领域的洞见，识别出介导信息威胁脆弱性的共享认知机制，并影响行为结果。最后，提出未来研究方向，强调整合两者视角的重要性，以减轻人类脆弱性并协调人机认知表征。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Technological systems increasingly mediate human information exchange, spanning interactions among humans as well as between humans and artificial agents. The unprecedented scale and reliance on information disseminated through these systems substantially expand the scope of information-based influence that can both enable and undermine sound decision-making. Consequently, understanding and protecting decision-making today faces growing challenges, as individuals and organizations must navigate evolving opportunities and information-based threats across varied domains and information environments. While these risks are widely recognized, research remains fragmented: work evaluating information-based threat phenomena has progressed largely in isolation from foundational studies of human information processing. In this review, we synthesize insights from both domains to identify shared cognitive mechanisms that mediate vulnerability to information-based threats and shape behavioral outcomes. Finally, we outline directions for future research aimed at integrating these perspectives, emphasizing the importance of such integration for mitigating human vulnerabilities and aligning human-machine representations.
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