arXiv:2511.11628cs.DCcs.AI2025-11

用AI动态选最优调度策略,让系统响应更快更稳。

Mixture-of-Schedulers: An Adaptive Scheduling Agent as a Learned Router for Expert Policies

  • 构建多专家调度器,运行时根据负载自动选最佳策略。
  • 在86.4%场景下优于默认调度器,近优策略覆盖78.6%场景。
  • 无需重训模型,可快速适配新硬件,适合高负载系统优化。

现代操作系统调度器采用单一静态策略,在异构硬件与多样化应用背景下难以兼顾公平性、吞吐量与延迟。本文提出新范式:从一组专用调度器中动态选择最优策略,而非设计单一复杂调度器。我们提出自适应调度代理(ASA),一个轻量级框架,实时将工作负载匹配至最合适的“专家”调度策略。ASA核心为低开销离线/在线方法:首先离线训练一个与硬件无关的通用机器学习模型,识别系统行为中的抽象负载模式;其次运行时通过时间加权概率投票算法持续分析模型输出,确定当前负载,并借助预配置的机器特定映射表,通过Linux sched_ext框架切换至最优调度器。该解耦架构使ASA可在不重新训练核心模型的前提下快速适配新硬件平台。基于聚焦用户体验指标的新基准评估显示,ASA在86.4%测试场景中优于默认的EEVDF调度器,且其选择在78.6%场景中位列前三,验证了该方法在实现更智能、自适应、响应式调度器方面的实用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Modern operating system schedulers employ a single, static policy, which struggles to deliver optimal performance across the diverse and dynamic workloads of contemporary systems. This "one-policy-fits-all" approach leads to significant compromises in fairness, throughput, and latency, particularly with the rise of heterogeneous hardware and varied application architectures. This paper proposes a new paradigm: dynamically selecting the optimal policy from a portfolio of specialized schedulers rather than designing a single, monolithic one. We present the Adaptive Scheduling Agent (ASA), a lightweight framework that intelligently matches workloads to the most suitable "expert" scheduling policy at runtime. ASA's core is a novel, low-overhead offline/online approach. First, an offline process trains a universal, hardware-agnostic machine learning model to recognize abstract workload patterns from system behaviors. Second, at runtime, ASA continually processes the model's predictions using a time-weighted probability voting algorithm to identify the workload, then makes a scheduling decision by consulting a pre-configured, machine-specific mapping table to switch to the optimal scheduler via Linux's sched_ext framework. This decoupled architecture allows ASA to adapt to new hardware platforms rapidly without expensive retraining of the core recognition model. Our evaluation, based on a novel benchmark focused on user-experience metrics, demonstrates that ASA consistently outperforms the default Linux scheduler (EEVDF), achieving superior results in 86.4% of test scenarios. Furthermore, ASA's selections are near-optimal, ranking among the top three schedulers in 78.6% of all scenarios. This validates our approach as a practical path toward more intelligent, adaptive, and responsive operating system schedulers.

调度优化AI调度系统性能

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