用单次前馈网络实现高速高保真无透镜成像,兼顾物理一致性。
Null-Space Diffusion Distillation Unlocks Speed, Fidelity and Realism in Lensless Imaging
- 将结构化扩散模型知识蒸馏到快速前馈网络中
- 重建质量媲美迭代扩散模型,推理速度提升数倍
- 特别适合对实时性与真实感有要求的成像场景
无透镜成像从高度混叠的测量中重构图像,属于严重不适定的逆问题。现有方法在测量一致性、感知质量与推理速度间存在根本权衡:传统方法注重一致性但感知质量差,监督方法速度快但可能违反物理约束,扩散先验方法虽能兼顾质量与一致性(尤其使用范围-零空间分解时),却因迭代采样而缓慢。为此,我们提出零空间扩散蒸馏(NSDD),一种单次前馈重建模型,将结构化扩散先验推理蒸馏为高效网络。NSDD在保持测量一致性的前提下,避免了耗时的迭代过程。实验表明,其感知质量与一致性可媲美扩散模型,同时显著提升推理速度,在三个目标间取得良好平衡。消融实验显示,蒸馏范围-零空间分解比全重建蒸馏更优,且在未见过的真实场景中表现更鲁棒。结果表明,结构感知蒸馏对高效无透镜成像具有潜力。代码已开源:github.com/JRCSAVSN/NullSpaceDiffusionDistillation。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Lensless imaging reconstructs scenes from highly multiplexed measurements, resulting in a severely ill-posed inverse problem. In this work, we identify a fundamental trade-off between measurement consistency, perceptual quality, and inference speed across lensless reconstruction paradigms. Traditional methods favor consistency but produce perceptually degraded results, supervised approaches achieve high-quality reconstructions with fast inference but may violate physical constraints, and diffusion-prior methods achieve high perceptual quality and consistency--particularly when structured constraints such as range-null decomposition are used--but remain slow due to iterative sampling. Motivated by this observation, we propose Null-Space Diffusion Distillation (NSDD), a single-pass reconstruction model that distills structured diffusion-prior inference into an efficient feed-forward network. NSDD learns to produce high-quality reconstructions that preserve measurement consistency while avoiding costly iterative sampling. Experimental results demonstrate that NSDD achieves perceptual quality and consistency competitive with diffusion-prior methods, while providing significantly faster inference and offering a favorable balance across all three objectives. Furthermore, ablation experiments show that distilling the range--null decomposition improves reconstruction quality and robustness over unstructured full-reconstruction distillation, including on unseen real scenes. These results highlight the potential of structure-aware distillation for efficient lensless imaging. Code is available at github.com/JRCSAVSN/NullSpaceDiffusionDistillation.
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