arXiv:2511.12160cs.RO2025-11

用博弈论+可达集分析,让多个智能体在不确定环境中安全协同运动。

Game-Theoretic Safe Multi-Agent Motion Planning with Reachability Analysis for Dynamic and Uncertain Environments (Extended Version)

  • 将多智能体协调建模为动态势博弈,通过纳什均衡实现最优策略
  • 采用局部迭代响应机制,在有限步内收敛到近似最优解
  • 融合多智能体前向可达集,显式处理不确定性并保证避障

在动态和不确定环境中实现多智能体系统的安全、鲁棒且可扩展的运动规划始终是挑战,源于复杂的交互、随机扰动与模型不确定性。为应对这些挑战,特别是耦合决策的计算复杂性与主动安全保证的需求,本文提出一种增强可达性的动态势博弈(RE-DPG)框架,将博弈论协调与可达性分析相结合。该方法将多智能体协调建模为动态势博弈,其纳什均衡(NE)定义了全局最优控制策略。为实现可扩展性与分布式执行,设计了基于迭代ε-最优响应(iε-BR)的邻域主导迭代最优响应(ND-iBR)算法,确保在有限步内收敛至ε-NE,使各智能体仅依赖局部信息即可计算策略,并具备理论收敛保障。此外,通过在代价函数中集成多智能体前向可达集(MA-FRS)机制,显式建模不确定性传播,强制执行碰撞避免约束。通过二维与三维环境中的仿真及真实实验,验证了RE-DPG在多样化场景下的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Ensuring safe, robust, and scalable motion planning for multi-agent systems in dynamic and uncertain environments is a persistent challenge, driven by complex inter-agent interactions, stochastic disturbances, and model uncertainties. To overcome these challenges, particularly the computational complexity of coupled decision-making and the need for proactive safety guarantees, we propose a Reachability-Enhanced Dynamic Potential Game (RE-DPG) framework, which integrates game-theoretic coordination into reachability analysis. This approach formulates multi-agent coordination as a dynamic potential game, where the Nash equilibrium (NE) defines optimal control strategies across agents. To enable scalability and decentralized execution, we develop a Neighborhood-Dominated iterative Best Response (ND-iBR) scheme, built upon an iterated $\varepsilon$-BR (i$\varepsilon$-BR) process that guarantees finite-step convergence to an $\varepsilon$-NE. This allows agents to compute strategies based on local interactions while ensuring theoretical convergence guarantees. Furthermore, to ensure safety under uncertainty, we integrate a Multi-Agent Forward Reachable Set (MA-FRS) mechanism into the cost function, explicitly modeling uncertainty propagation and enforcing collision avoidance constraints. Through both simulations and real-world experiments in 2D and 3D environments, we validate the effectiveness of RE-DPG across diverse operational scenarios.

多智能体运动规划博弈论可达性分析

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