将正常数据几何结构融入分类目标,实现可解释的异常检测
CEDL: Centre-Enhanced Discriminative Learning for Anomaly Detection
- 用中心点距离替代传统sigmoid,统一学习正常模式与异常区分
- 无需后处理校准,异常得分直接反映几何偏离程度
- 在表格、时序、图像数据上均表现稳定,适合多场景应用
监督式异常检测在训练集中有良好表示的已知异常上表现优异,但难以泛化到训练分布之外,因决策边界对正常性的定义不清晰。现有方法通常通过正则化表示空间来解决,导致潜在空间和标签空间分开优化。所学正常性在推理时未被直接利用,异常得分常处于任意范围,需显式映射或校准才能概率化解释。为实现几何正常性与标签判别的统一学习,我们提出中心增强判别学习(CEDL),一种新型监督异常检测框架,将几何正常性直接嵌入判别目标。CEDL通过基于中心的径向距离函数重参数化传统的sigmoid派生预测logit,以单一端到端形式统一几何与判别学习。该设计使异常评分具有可解释性与几何感知性,无需后处理阈值设定或参考校准。在表格、时间序列和图像数据上的大量实验表明,CEDL在多样化的现实异常检测任务中实现了竞争性且均衡的性能,验证了其有效性与广泛适用性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Supervised anomaly detection methods perform well in identifying known anomalies that are well represented in the training set. However, they often struggle to generalise beyond the training distribution due to decision boundaries that lack a clear definition of normality. Existing approaches typically address this by regularising the representation space during training, leading to separate optimisation in latent and label spaces. The learned normality is therefore not directly utilised at inference, and their anomaly scores often fall within arbitrary ranges that require explicit mapping or calibration for probabilistic interpretation. To achieve unified learning of geometric normality and label discrimination, we propose Centre-Enhanced Discriminative Learning (CEDL), a novel supervised anomaly detection framework that embeds geometric normality directly into the discriminative objective. CEDL reparameterises the conventional sigmoid-derived prediction logit through a centre-based radial distance function, unifying geometric and discriminative learning in a single end-to-end formulation. This design enables interpretable, geometry-aware anomaly scoring without post-hoc thresholding or reference calibration. Extensive experiments on tabular, time-series, and image data demonstrate that CEDL achieves competitive and balanced performance across diverse real-world anomaly detection tasks, validating its effectiveness and broad applicability.
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