用生成模型自动发现足球进攻战术,助力教练快速制定策略。
TacEleven: generative tactic discovery for football open play
- 通过语言控制生成战术,结合多模态大模型筛选最优方案。
- 多步战术发现中52.5%被评估为可应用于顶级职业比赛。
- 适合足球教练和分析团队在复杂攻防场景中探索新战术。
在开放攻防中创造进攻优势是足球成功的关键。然而,由于攻防过程高度动态且序列漫长,战术空间随时间呈指数级增长,自动化战术发现极具挑战。为此,我们提出TacEleven,一个与法国AJ Auxerre俱乐部专家共同开发的生成式足球开放攻防战术发现框架,旨在辅助教练和分析师进行战术决策。TacEleven包含两个核心组件:基于语言控制的战术生成器,用于产生多样化的战术提案;以及基于多模态大语言模型的战术评判器,根据高层次风格指令选择最优提案。该框架实现了战术提案的快速探索与新型进攻战术的发现。我们在三个逐步增加复杂度的任务上进行评估:反事实探索、单步发现与多步发现,结合定量指标与问卷调查的定性评估。结果表明,由TacEleven发现的战术具备强现实性和战术创意性,在多步战术中52.50%的替代方案被评价为可在真实顶级足球场景中采纳,充分展现了其在复杂长序列开放攻防情境下快速生成高质量战术的能力。TacEleven展示了利用领域数据与生成模型推动体育战术分析的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Creating offensive advantages during open play is fundamental to football success. However, due to the highly dynamic and long-sequence nature of open play, the potential tactic space grows exponentially as the sequence progresses, making automated tactic discovery extremely challenging. To address this, we propose TacEleven, a generative framework for football open-play tactic discovery developed in close collaboration with domain experts from AJ Auxerre, designed to assist coaches and analysts in tactical decision-making. TacEleven consists of two core components: a language-controlled tactical generator that produces diverse tactical proposals, and a multimodal large language model-based tactical critic that selects the optimal proposal aligned with a high-level stylistic tactical instruction. The two components enables rapid exploration of tactical proposals and discovery of alternative open-play offensive tactics. We evaluate TacEleven across three tasks with progressive tactical complexity: counterfactual exploration, single-step discovery, and multi-step discovery, through both quantitative metrics and a questionnaire-based qualitative assessment. The results show that the TacEleven-discovered tactics exhibit strong realism and tactical creativity, with 52.50% of the multi-step tactical alternatives rated adoptable in real-world elite football scenarios, highlighting the framework's ability to rapidly generate numerous high-quality tactics for complex long-sequence open-play situations. TacEleven demonstrates the potential of creatively leveraging domain data and generative models to advance tactical analysis in sports.
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