从工程视角解析AI与规则软件的本质差异，为人类责任提供判断依据。
Developing a Grounded View of AI
- 通过三类决策区分AI行为特征，揭示其隐性规则
- 提出可操作的方法论，实现对AI行为的可辨识性
- 适合关注AI伦理与可控性的研究者与政策制定者
作为计算能力的产物，人工智能（AI）与基于规则的软件在本质上有何不同？本文从工程角度分析人工智能的行为，澄清其本质与局限。文章强调，人类追求、表达并遵守规则背后的理性值得珍视与保留。识别规则式实践理性的边界，是实现对行动意识觉察的起点。尽管当前AI行为规则仍隐匿或仅弱可观察，本文提出了使辨别成为可能且实用的方法论，以三种决策类型区分AI模型的行为差异。这为人对替代可能性承担的责任提供了前提，有助于思考何时以及如何使用AI。此举将为确保人工智能系统健全，保障人类、社会与环境福祉奠定坚实基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As a capability coming from computation, how does AI differ fundamentally from the capabilities delivered by rule-based software program? The paper examines the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) from engineering points of view to clarify its nature and limits. The paper argues that the rationality underlying humanity's impulse to pursue, articulate, and adhere to rules deserves to be valued and preserved. Identifying where rule-based practical rationality ends is the beginning of making it aware until action. Although the rules of AI behaviors are still hidden or only weakly observable, the paper has proposed a methodology to make a sense of discrimination possible and practical to identify the distinctions of the behavior of AI models with three types of decisions. It is a prerequisite for human responsibilities with alternative possibilities, considering how and when to use AI. It would be a solid start for people to ensure AI system soundness for the well-being of humans, society, and the environment.
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