arXiv:2511.14348cs.LGphysics.comp-ph2025-11被引 2

给物理神经网络加了个隐形约束,让模型更懂不可逆的物理过程。

Enforcing hidden physics in physics-informed neural networks

  • 用软约束强制模型遵守不可逆物理规律
  • 在多个物理场景中预测误差降低一个数量级
  • 无需大改现有框架,适合各类偏微分方程问题

物理信息神经网络(PINNs)通过将物理定律融入神经网络训练过程,为求解偏微分方程(PDEs)提供新范式。然而,如何确保框架充分反映控制方程中的物理结构,特别是跨不同科学问题保持鲁棒性,仍是开放挑战。本文提出一种简单、通用且稳健的不可逆性正则化策略,在训练中将隐藏的物理规律作为软约束,恢复传统PINN中缺失的不可逆过程物理特性。该方法确保学习解始终尊重不可逆物理过程的单向性。在行波传播、稳态燃烧、冰融化、腐蚀演化和裂纹扩展等多个基准测试中,性能显著优于传统PINN,正则化方案使预测误差减少超过一个数量级,且仅需对现有框架进行最小修改。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a new paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by integrating physical laws into the learning process of neural networks. However, ensuring that such frameworks fully reflect the physical structure embedded in the governing equations remains an open challenge, particularly for maintaining robustness across diverse scientific problems. In this work, we address this issue by introducing a simple, generalized, yet robust irreversibility-regularized strategy that enforces hidden physical laws as soft constraints during training, thereby recovering the missing physics associated with irreversible processes in the conventional PINN. This approach ensures that the learned solutions consistently respect the intrinsic one-way nature of irreversible physical processes. Across a wide range of benchmarks spanning traveling wave propagation, steady combustion, ice melting, corrosion evolution, and crack growth, we observe substantial performance improvements over the conventional PINN, demonstrating that our regularization scheme reduces predictive errors by more than an order of magnitude, while requiring only minimal modification to existing PINN frameworks.

物理信息网络偏微分方程正则化不可逆过程

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