少量标签比复杂模型更有效,能显著提升时间序列异常检测性能。
Labels Matter More Than Models: Rethinking the Unsupervised Paradigm in Time Series Anomaly Detection
- 用极简监督模型对比复杂无监督方法,验证标签价值。
- 有限标注下,简单监督模型超越顶尖无监督方法。
- 适合关注实际应用、数据标注有限的异常检测研究者。
时间序列异常检测(TSAD)常受标签稀缺限制,当前研究多聚焦无监督方法,依赖复杂模型建模正常数据分布。本文挑战算法复杂度为最优路径的假设,提出一个极简的监督基线模型 exttt{stand},通过在五个公开数据集上的系统实验发现:(1) 标签比模型更重要——在有限标注预算下,简单监督模型显著优于复杂无监督方法;(2) 监督带来的收益远超架构改进的边际增益;(3) exttt{stand} 在预测一致性和异常定位上优于无监督方法。研究呼吁从算法中心转向数据驱动,优先利用有限标签。代码与基准已开源于 https://github.com/EmorZz1G/STAND。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) is a critical data mining task often constrained by label scarcity. Consequently, current research predominantly focuses on Unsupervised Time-series Anomaly Detection (UTAD), relying on increasingly complex architectures to model normal data distributions. However, this algorithm-centric trend often overlooks the significant performance gains achievable from limited anomaly labels available in practical scenarios. This paper challenges the premise that algorithmic complexity is the optimal path for TSAD. Instead of proposing another intricate unsupervised model, we present a comprehensive benchmark and empirical study to rigorously compare supervised and unsupervised paradigms. To isolate the value of labels, we introduce \stand, a deliberately minimalist supervised baseline. Extensive experiments on five public datasets demonstrate that: (1) Labels matter more than models: under a limited labeling budget, simple supervised models significantly outperform complex state-of-the-art unsupervised methods; (2) Supervision yields higher returns: the performance gain from minimal supervision far exceeds the incremental gains from architectural innovations; and (3) Practicality: \stand~exhibits superior prediction consistency and anomaly localization compared to unsupervised counterparts. These findings advocate for a paradigm shift in TSAD research, urging the community to prioritize data-centric label utilization over purely algorithmic complexity. The code and benchmark are publicly available at https://github.com/EmorZz1G/STAND.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。