arXiv:2511.16202cs.AI2025-11被引 1

用多个专家评估者协作设计奖励,提升强化学习的可解释性与稳定性。

Multi-Agent Collaborative Reward Design for Enhancing Reasoning in Reinforcement Learning

  • 拆分评价任务为领域专家代理,生成多维度部分信号。
  • 聚合信号后生成统一奖励,使策略优化更稳定可靠。
  • 无需额外人工标注,适合需透明推理的AI系统开发。

我们提出CRM(多智能体协作奖励模型),将单一黑箱奖励模型替换为协作的专家评估团队,以增强强化学习中人类反馈(RLHF)的鲁棒性与可解释性。传统奖励模型难以同时优化多个有时冲突的偏好维度(如事实性、有用性、安全性),且缺乏评分依据的透明度。CRM通过将偏好评估分解为领域专用的智能体,各自生成部分信号,同时引入基于排序和嵌入相似性的全局评估器。中心化聚合器在每个时间步融合这些信号,权衡步骤正确性、多智能体一致性及重复惩罚等因素,输出一个兼容标准强化学习流程的训练奖励。策略通过基于优势的更新(如GAE)优化,价值模型则回归聚合奖励,实现无需额外人工标注的多视角奖励塑造。为支持训练与评估,我们构建了rewardBench——一个与CRM协作结构对齐的基准与训练套件。CRM与rewardBench共同提供了一条实用、模块化的路径,用于更透明的奖励建模与更稳定的优化。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present CRM (Multi-Agent Collaborative Reward Model), a framework that replaces a single black-box reward model with a coordinated team of specialist evaluators to improve robustness and interpretability in RLHF. Conventional reward models struggle to jointly optimize multiple, sometimes conflicting, preference dimensions (e.g., factuality, helpfulness, safety) and offer limited transparency into why a score is assigned. CRM addresses these issues by decomposing preference evaluation into domain-specific agents that each produce partial signals, alongside global evaluators such as ranker-based and embedding-similarity rewards. A centralized aggregator fuses these signals at each timestep, balancing factors like step-wise correctness, multi-agent agreement, and repetition penalties, yielding a single training reward compatible with standard RL pipelines. The policy is optimized with advantage-based updates (e.g., GAE), while a value model regresses to the aggregated reward, enabling multi-perspective reward shaping without requiring additional human annotations beyond those used to train the evaluators. To support training and assessment, we introduce rewardBench, a benchmark and training suite aligned with the collaborative structure of CRM. Together, CRM and rewardBench provide a practical, modular path to more transparent reward modeling and more stable optimization.

强化学习奖励设计多智能体可解释性

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