arXiv:2511.16654cs.CL2025-11被引 4

直接用图像嵌入检索,比先转文字再检索更准。

Comparison of Text-Based and Image-Based Retrieval in Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation Large Language Model Systems

  • 图像不转文字,直接用多模态嵌入存储和检索
  • 准确率提升13%(mAP@5),相关性得分提高11%
  • 适合需要保留图表细节的金融问答场景

近期检索增强生成(RAG)进展使大语言模型(LLM)能够访问包含文本与视觉信息(如财务文档中的图表、图示、表格)的多模态知识库。然而,现有多模态RAG系统在预处理阶段依赖LLM摘要将图像转为文本,仅将文本表示存入向量数据库,导致上下文信息与视觉细节丢失,影响下游检索与问答效果。本文对两种多模态RAG检索方法进行对比:基于文本分块的检索(图像先转为文本再嵌入)与直接多模态嵌入检索(图像原生存入向量空间)。我们在新构建的财务财报电话会议基准上评估,该基准包含40组问答对,每对配有一张图像和一段文本。实验结果表明,直接多模态嵌入检索显著优于基于LLM摘要的方法,在mAP@5上提升13%,nDCG@5提升11%;相对提升分别为32%和20%,证据充分。此外,直接检索生成的答案在事实一致性上更优,经由LLM作为裁判的成对比较验证。研究证明,LLM摘要环节引入信息损失,而直接多模态嵌入能有效保留视觉上下文用于检索与推理。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to access multimodal knowledge bases containing both text and visual information such as charts, diagrams, and tables in financial documents. However, existing multimodal RAG systems rely on LLM-based summarization to convert images into text during preprocessing, storing only text representations in vector databases, which causes loss of contextual information and visual details critical for downstream retrieval and question answering. To address this limitation, we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of two retrieval approaches for multimodal RAG systems, including text-based chunk retrieval (where images are summarized into text before embedding) and direct multimodal embedding retrieval (where images are stored natively in the vector space). We evaluate all three approaches across 6 LLM models and a two multi-modal embedding models on a newly created financial earnings call benchmark comprising 40 question-answer pairs, each paired with 2 documents (1 image and 1 text chunk). Experimental results demonstrate that direct multimodal embedding retrieval significantly outperforms LLM-summary-based approaches, achieving absolute improvements of 13% in mean average precision (mAP@5) and 11% in normalized discounted cumulative gain. These gains correspond to relative improvements of 32% in mAP@5 and 20% in nDCG@5, providing stronger evidence of their practical impact. We additionally find that direct multimodal retrieval produces more accurate and factually consistent answers as measured by LLM-as-a-judge pairwise comparisons. We demonstrate that LLM summarization introduces information loss during preprocessing, whereas direct multimodal embeddings preserve visual context for retrieval and inference.

多模态检索RAG图像嵌入

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