arXiv:2511.16902cs.NIeess.IV2025-11

ARC让接收端按发送端时间释放数据,减少卡顿和抖动。

ARC: Consistent, Low-Latency Delivery via Receiver-Side Scheduling

  • 接收端自主调度数据释放,无需反馈或同步
  • 在云游戏测试中几乎消除大抖动,释放间隔贴近发送端
  • 兼容多种协议,适合对时序敏感的应用

云游戏、视频流、遥测、机器学习推理和数据传输等应用若能在接收端按发送端的时间释放数据,体验会更好。但实际中网络延迟波动和接收端恢复动态会扭曲这一时间特性,即使所有数据包正确送达,仍会产生可见的抖动、卡顿和播放不稳定。许多应用在数据交付保持原始时序和顺序时表现最佳,乱序或不规则交付会显著降低性能,即便数据最终全部到达。本文提出一种轻量级接收端释放调度协议——自适应释放控制(ARC),使接收端按发送端的时序释放数据,维持顺序性并限制必要时的重排序,在给定网络条件下实现平滑交付且延迟增加极小。该协议仅基于接收端时钟运行,无需反馈、同步或改变底层传输协议。我们将ARC集成到当前已部署的软件叠加层LT3中,作为独立模块调节转发数据的释放时机。在云游戏工作负载上评估显示,引入ARC后几乎消除了大范围抖动,释放间隔紧密匹配发送端时序,显著提升感知流畅度。此外,整个LT3系统的延迟也得到改善。得益于保留发送端时序,这些优势可扩展至通过LT3承载的多种协议,包括TCP、QUIC、WebRTC、UDP和RTP,适用于广泛场景。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Applications such as cloud gaming, video streaming, telemetry, ML inference, and data transfer provide a better experience when data is released at the receiver with timing reflecting how the data enters the sender. In practice, network delay variation and recovery dynamics at the receiver distort this timing even when transports deliver all packets correctly, producing visible jitter, stalls, and unstable playback. Many such applications operate best when delivery preserves this timing behavior and its implied order; out-of-order or irregular delivery can significantly degrade performance even when all data eventually arrives. We present a lightweight receiver-side release scheduling protocol, Adaptive Release Control (ARC), that restores this timing at the receiver. ARC releases recovered data in a manner that follows the sender's timing, maintaining ordering and limiting reordering when necessary while producing smooth delivery with minimal added latency given network conditions. It operates entirely on the receiver clock and requires no feedback, synchronization, or changes to the underlying transport. As an example, we integrate ARC into LT3, a network-layer system currently deployed as a software overlay that forwards traffic without altering the transport protocols it carries, where ARC functions as an independent module that regulates release timing for forwarded data. Evaluating LT3 with ARC on a cloud-gaming workload shows that the protocol removes virtually all large jitter excursions and yields release intervals that closely match the sender's timing, translating into improved perceptual smoothness. Broader latency improvements arise from the behavior of the full LT3 system. The benefits of ARC extend to transport protocols carried over LT3, including TCP, QUIC, WebRTC, UDP, and RTP, as preserving sender timing improves their behavior across a wide range of conditions.

网络传输时序控制云游戏

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