arXiv:2511.17041cs.IRcs.AI2025-11

用大模型自动生成学习推荐,不依赖复杂知识图谱。

CLLMRec: LLM-powered Cognitive-Aware Concept Recommendation via Semantic Alignment and Prerequisite Knowledge Distillation

  • 通过语义对齐统一学习者与知识点的表示空间。
  • 利用大模型提炼先修关系,提升推荐精准度。
  • 适合缺乏结构化知识的在线教育场景使用。

大规模开放在线课程(MOOCs)的快速发展对个性化学习提出了挑战,其中概念推荐至关重要。现有方法通常依赖异构信息网络或知识图谱来捕捉概念间关系,并结合知识追踪模型评估学习者的认知状态。然而,这些方法受限于高质量结构化知识图谱的稀缺性。为此,本文提出CLLMRec框架,借助大语言模型(LLM)的两个协同技术:语义对齐与先修知识蒸馏。语义对齐组件通过编码学习者与概念的非结构化文本描述,构建统一表征空间;先修知识蒸馏采用师生架构,由大型教师模型(作为先验知识感知组件)从其内化世界知识中提取概念间的先修关系,并将其转化为软标签以训练高效的学生排序器。在此基础上,框架引入精细排序机制,通过深度知识追踪显式建模学习者的实时认知状态,确保推荐既结构合理又符合认知需求。在两个真实世界MOOC数据集上的大量实验表明,CLLMRec在多个评估指标上显著优于现有基线方法,验证了其在无需显式结构先验条件下生成真正认知感知的个性化概念推荐的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The growth of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) presents significant challenges for personalized learning, where concept recommendation is crucial. Existing approaches typically rely on heterogeneous information networks or knowledge graphs to capture conceptual relationships, combined with knowledge tracing models to assess learners' cognitive states. However, these methods face significant limitations due to their dependence on high-quality structured knowledge graphs, which are often scarce in real-world educational scenarios. To address this fundamental challenge, this paper proposes CLLMRec, a novel framework that leverages Large Language Models through two synergistic technical pillars: Semantic Alignment and Prerequisite Knowledge Distillation. The Semantic Alignment component constructs a unified representation space by encoding unstructured textual descriptions of learners and concepts. The Prerequisite Knowledge Distillation paradigm employs a teacher-student architecture, where a large teacher LLM (implemented as the Prior Knowledge Aware Component) extracts conceptual prerequisite relationships from its internalized world knowledge and distills them into soft labels to train an efficient student ranker. Building upon these foundations, our framework incorporates a fine-ranking mechanism that explicitly models learners' real-time cognitive states through deep knowledge tracing, ensuring recommendations are both structurally sound and cognitively appropriate. Extensive experiments on two real-world MOOC datasets demonstrate that CLLMRec significantly outperforms existing baseline methods across multiple evaluation metrics, validating its effectiveness in generating truly cognitive-aware and personalized concept recommendations without relying on explicit structural priors.

个性化推荐大模型应用知识蒸馏MOOC

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