arXiv:2511.17043eess.IVcs.AI2025-11

用医学大模型自动区分胸片正常与异常,提升诊断效率。

MedImageInsight for Thoracic Cavity Health Classification from Chest X-rays

  • 用医学大模型微调实现端到端分类
  • 准确率达ROC-AUC 0.888,优于传统迁移学习方法
  • 适合临床影像系统集成,减轻医生负担

胸部放射摄影仍是胸腔疾病诊断最常用的影像手段,但日益增长的影像数据量和放射科医生的工作负荷持续挑战及时解读。本文研究了医学影像基础模型MedImageInsight在胸片二分类(正常/异常)中的应用。比较了两种方法:(1) 微调MedImageInsight进行端到端分类;(2) 将模型作为特征提取器,结合传统机器学习分类器进行迁移学习。实验基于ChestX-ray14数据集与合作医院的真实临床数据。微调模型表现最佳,ROC-AUC达0.888,校准性更优,性能接近CheXNet等成熟架构。结果表明,基础医学影像模型可显著降低特定任务训练需求,同时保持诊断可靠性。系统设计用于集成至网络平台与医院PACS工作流,支持分诊并减轻放射科医生负担。未来将扩展至多标签病理分类,以在临床环境中提供初步诊断建议。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Chest radiography remains one of the most widely used imaging modalities for thoracic diagnosis, yet increasing imaging volumes and radiologist workload continue to challenge timely interpretation. In this work, we investigate the use of MedImageInsight, a medical imaging foundational model, for automated binary classification of chest X-rays into Normal and Abnormal categories. Two approaches were evaluated: (1) fine-tuning MedImageInsight for end-to-end classification, and (2) employing the model as a feature extractor for a transfer learning pipeline using traditional machine learning classifiers. Experiments were conducted using a combination of the ChestX-ray14 dataset and real-world clinical data sourced from partner hospitals. The fine-tuned classifier achieved the highest performance, with an ROC-AUC of 0.888 and superior calibration compared to the transfer learning models, demonstrating performance comparable to established architectures such as CheXNet. These results highlight the effectiveness of foundational medical imaging models in reducing task-specific training requirements while maintaining diagnostic reliability. The system is designed for integration into web-based and hospital PACS workflows to support triage and reduce radiologist burden. Future work will extend the model to multi-label pathology classification to provide preliminary diagnostic interpretation in clinical environments.

医学影像胸片分类大模型应用

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