语义决定单音节词的声调轮廓，与发音习惯无关。
A new kid on the block: Distributional semantics predicts the word-specific tone signatures of monosyllabic words in conversational Taiwan Mandarin
- 用广义加性模型分离声调中语义影响成分
- 语义嵌入可显著预测具体词汇的声调轮廓
- 适合语音学、语言认知研究者阅读
我们基于语料库研究了自然对话中单音节词的声调轮廓如何受词义影响。采用广义加性模型将观测到的声调轮廓分解为与不同控制变量和语义预测因子相关的分量。即使在控制词长、性别、说话人身份、声调上下文、元音高度和句子位置等变量后，词本身仍是声调实现的强预测因子。证据显示这一效应是语义性的：词义比词本身更能预测声调，异形同音词具有不同的声调轮廓。最强证据是：通过上下文嵌入可预测单个词例的声调轮廓，准确率远超置换基线。对语音学而言，分布语义是新领域。尽管研究结果挑战标准汉语声调理论，但与判别性词典模型框架一致。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present a corpus-based investigation of how the pitch contours of monosyllabic words are realized in spontaneous conversational Mandarin, focusing on the effects of words' meanings. We used the generalized additive model to decompose a given observed pitch contour into a set of component pitch contours that are tied to different control variables and semantic predictors. Even when variables such as word duration, gender, speaker identity, tonal context, vowel height, and utterance position are controlled for, the effect of word remains a strong predictor of tonal realization. We present evidence that this effect of word is a semantic effect: word sense is shown to be a better predictor than word, and heterographic homophones are shown to have different pitch contours. The strongest evidence for the importance of semantics is that the pitch contours of individual word tokens can be predicted from their contextualized embeddings with an accuracy that substantially exceeds a permutation baseline. For phonetics, distributional semantics is a new kid on the block. Although our findings challenge standard theories of Mandarin tone, they fit well within the theoretical framework of the Discriminative Lexicon Model.
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