用市场机制让多个大模型协作,更可信、可解释。
From Competition to Coordination: Market Making as a Scalable Framework for Safe and Aligned Multi-Agent LLM Systems
- 将多智能体设为市场参与者,通过交易信念达成共识
- 在事实推理等任务上准确率最高提升10%,且过程透明
- 适合需要可追溯、自纠正的AI系统,如金融或医疗决策
随着基础模型越来越多地作为交互式智能体部署于多智能体系统中,其集体行为对可信度、透明性和责任性提出了新挑战。传统协调机制如集中监管或对抗裁决难以扩展,且常掩盖决策生成过程。本文提出一种基于市场做市的多智能体大语言模型协调框架,将智能体互动组织为结构化的经济交换。每个智能体作为市场参与者,更新并交易概率信念,以收敛至共享的、真实的结论。通过将局部激励与集体认知目标对齐,该框架促进无需外部强制的自组织、可验证推理。实证评估表明,在事实推理、伦理判断和常识推理任务中,基于市场的协调方法相比单次推理基线准确率最高提升10%,同时保持中间推理步骤的可解释性与透明性。研究还表明,经济协调原则可实现多智能体大模型系统的问责制与鲁棒性,为可自我修正、具有社会责任感的AI提供可扩展路径,支持其在真实场景中持续建立信任与监督能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As foundation models are increasingly deployed as interacting agents in multi-agent systems, their collective behavior raises new challenges for trustworthiness, transparency, and accountability. Traditional coordination mechanisms, such as centralized oversight or adversarial adjudication, struggle to scale and often obscure how decisions emerge. We introduce a market-making framework for multi-agent large language model (LLM) coordination that organizes agent interactions as structured economic exchanges. In this setup, each agent acts as a market participant, updating and trading probabilistic beliefs, to converge toward shared, truthful outcomes. By aligning local incentives with collective epistemic goals, the framework promotes self-organizing, verifiable reasoning without requiring external enforcement. Empirically, we evaluate this approach across factual reasoning, ethical judgment, and commonsense inference tasks. Market-based coordination yields accuracy gains of up to 10% over single-shot baselines while preserving interpretability and transparency of intermediate reasoning steps. Beyond these improvements, our findings demonstrate that economic coordination principles can operationalize accountability and robustness in multi-agent LLM systems, offering a scalable pathway toward self-correcting, socially responsible AI capable of maintaining trust and oversight in real world deployment scenarios.
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