解决降水预报中确定性与随机性混淆问题,提升长期预测精度。
Rectifying Distribution Shift in Cascaded Precipitation Nowcasting
- 分两阶段:先预测均值,再用流匹配模型修正分布偏移
- 在两个雷达数据集上显著优于现有最先进方法
- 适合需要高精度长期降水预报的气象研究者
降水临近预报旨在利用当前雷达观测提供高时空分辨率的降水预测,是区域天气预报的核心任务。近年来,级联架构已成为基于深度学习的降水临近预报主流范式,该范式包含一个确定性模型预测后验均值,随后由一个概率模型生成局部随机性。然而,现有方法普遍忽视了确定性预测中的系统性分布偏移与局部随机性之间的混淆问题。结果导致确定性部分的分布偏移污染了概率部分的预测,尤其在较长预报时效下,造成降水模式与强度的不准确。为解决此问题,我们提出RectiCast,一种两阶段框架,通过双流匹配模型显式分离均值场偏移的修正与局部随机性的生成。第一阶段由确定性模型生成后验均值;第二阶段引入校正器(Rectifier)显式学习分布偏移并生成修正后的均值,随后生成器在修正均值条件下建模局部随机性。在两个雷达数据集上的实验表明,RectiCast显著优于现有最先进方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Precipitation nowcasting, which aims to provide high spatio-temporal resolution precipitation forecasts by leveraging current radar observations, is a core task in regional weather forecasting. Recently, the cascaded architecture has emerged as the mainstream paradigm for deep learning-based precipitation nowcasting. This paradigm involves a deterministic model to predict posterior mean, followed by a probabilistic model to generate local stochasticity. However, existing methods commonly overlook the conflation of the systematic distribution shift in deterministic predictions and the local stochasticity. As a result, the distribution shift of the deterministic component contaminates the predictions of the probabilistic component, leading to inaccuracies in precipitation patterns and intensity, particularly over longer lead times. To address this issue, we introduce RectiCast, a two-stage framework that explicitly decouples the rectification of mean-field shift from the generation of local stochasticity via a dual Flow Matching model. In the first stage, a deterministic model generates the posterior mean. In the second stage, we introduce a Rectifier to explicitly learn the distribution shift and produce a rectified mean. Subsequently, a Generator focuses on modeling the local stochasticity conditioned on the rectified mean. Experiments on two radar datasets demonstrate that RectiCast achieves significant performance improvements over existing state-of-the-art methods.
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