无记忆的自动驾驶车辆会陷入路径循环,导致通行时间增加682%。
Multi-Agent Coordination in Autonomous Vehicle Routing: A Simulation-Based Study of Communication, Memory, and Routing Loops
- 引入对象记忆管理机制,通过共享黑名单避免重复计算路径。
- 使用该机制后平均通行时间降低75.7%,等待时间减少88%。
- 适合研究分布式系统、机器人协同与智能交通的开发者参考。
多智能体协调对下一代自动驾驶系统至关重要,但基于通信的盲目重规划可能导致性能严重下降。本研究聚焦去中心化多智能体导航中的根本问题:路由循环——无持久障碍物记忆的车辆会在低效路径重算中陷入死循环。通过72种不同配置的系统仿真,涵盖15、35、55辆车辆及6、20个障碍物场景,发现无记忆的反应式重规划使平均通行时间最高上升682%。为此,提出轻量级对象记忆管理(OMM)机制,让智能体保留并共享已遇障碍物信息。OMM通过维护分布式被阻塞节点黑名单,在基于Dijkstra的路径重算中有效避免冗余尝试。结果表明,启用OMM后,平均通行时间降低75.7%,等待时间减少88%,每车仅需1.67次路径重算,远低于无记忆系统的9.83次。研究证明,持续共享记忆在动态环境中对鲁棒性协作不可或缺。成果对机器人、网络路由及分布式AI系统设计具有启发意义。我们提供完整实验分析,包括场景拆解、可扩展性评估及路由循环可视化,证实了OMM在防止有害反馈循环中的关键作用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-agent coordination is critical for next-generation autonomous vehicle (AV) systems, yet naive implementations of communication-based rerouting can lead to catastrophic performance degradation. This study investigates a fundamental problem in decentralized multi-agent navigation: routing loops, where vehicles without persistent obstacle memory become trapped in cycles of inefficient path recalculation. Through systematic simulation experiments involving 72 unique configurations across varying vehicle densities (15, 35, 55 vehicles) and obstacle frequencies (6, 20 obstacles), we demonstrate that memory-less reactive rerouting increases average travel time by up to 682% compared to baseline conditions. To address this, we introduce Object Memory Management (OMM), a lightweight mechanism enabling agents to retain and share knowledge of previously encountered obstacles. OMM operates by maintaining a distributed blacklist of blocked nodes, which each agent consults during Dijkstra-based path recalculation, effectively preventing redundant routing attempts. Our results show that OMM-enabled coordination reduces average travel time by 75.7% and wait time by 88% compared to memory-less systems, while requiring only 1.67 route recalculations per vehicle versus 9.83 in memory-less scenarios. This work provides empirical evidence that persistent, shared memory is not merely beneficial but essential for robust multi-agent coordination in dynamic environments. The findings have implications beyond autonomous vehicles, informing the design of decentralized systems in robotics, network routing, and distributed AI. We provide a comprehensive experimental analysis, including detailed scenario breakdowns, scalability assessments, and visual documentation of the routing loop phenomenon, demonstrating OMM's critical role in preventing detrimental feedback cycles in cooperative multi-agent systems.
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