arXiv:2511.17675cs.LGquant-ph2025-11

用量子模型在车道帧中预测车辆轨迹,1.94米误差下生成16条合理路径。

Lane-Frame Quantum Multimodal Driving Forecasts for the Trajectory of Autonomous Vehicles

  • 在车道对齐的自车坐标系中,预测相对基线的残差位移而非绝对位置。
  • Waymo数据集上2秒内最小平均误差1.94米,最小最终误差3.56米,优于基线。
  • 小规模浅层量子电路实现稳定多模态预测,适合实时自动驾驶系统。

自动驾驶轨迹预测需在严格算力与延迟约束下输出准确、校准的多模态未来。本文提出一种紧凑的混合量子架构,通过在自车为中心、车道对齐的坐标系中操作,并预测相对于运动学基线的残差修正,将量子归纳偏置与道路场景结构对齐。模型结合基于变换器思想的量子注意力编码器(9量子比特)、参数精简的量子前馈堆栈(64层,约1200个可训练角度)和基于傅里叶的解码器,利用浅层纠缠与相位叠加,在单次运行中生成16条轨迹假设,模式置信度由潜在谱推导。所有电路参数通过随机逼近的同步扰动法(SPSA)训练,避免对非解析组件进行反向传播。在Waymo Open Motion Dataset上,该模型在2秒预测时长内达到最小平均位移误差(minADE)1.94米,最小最终位移误差(minFDE)3.56米,持续优于运动学基线,且漏检率更低、召回率更高。消融实验表明,车道帧中的残差学习、截断傅里叶解码、浅层纠缠及基于谱的排序策略能有效聚焦计算资源,使小型浅层量子电路在现代自动驾驶基准上实现稳定优化与可靠多模态预测。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Trajectory forecasting for autonomous driving must deliver accurate, calibrated multi-modal futures under tight compute and latency constraints. We propose a compact hybrid quantum architecture that aligns quantum inductive bias with road-scene structure by operating in an ego-centric, lane-aligned frame and predicting residual corrections to a kinematic baseline instead of absolute poses. The model combines a transformer-inspired quantum attention encoder (9 qubits), a parameter-lean quantum feedforward stack (64 layers, ${\sim}1200$ trainable angles), and a Fourier-based decoder that uses shallow entanglement and phase superposition to generate 16 trajectory hypotheses in a single pass, with mode confidences derived from the latent spectrum. All circuit parameters are trained with Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA), avoiding backpropagation through non-analytic components. In the Waymo Open Motion Dataset, the model achieves minADE (minimum Average Displacement Error) of \SI{1.94}{m} and minFDE (minimum Final Displacement Error) of \SI{3.56}{m} in the $16$ models predicted over the horizon of \SI{2.0}{s}, consistently outperforming a kinematic baseline with reduced miss rates and strong recall. Ablations confirm that residual learning in the lane frame, truncated Fourier decoding, shallow entanglement, and spectrum-based ranking focus capacity where it matters, yielding stable optimization and reliable multi-modal forecasts from small, shallow quantum circuits on a modern autonomous-driving benchmark.

量子计算轨迹预测自动驾驶多模态

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