用三元代数框架直接建模三元关系,提升符号推理的可解释性。
Ternary Gamma Semirings as a Novel Algebraic Framework for Learnable Symbolic Reasoning
- 用神经网络实现三元运算符,替代传统二元乘法
- 训练中逼近结合律与分配律,保持代数结构有效性
- 适合知识图谱补全、逻辑推理等三元关系任务
二元半环(如热带、对数、概率半环)是经典与现代神经推断系统的核心代数工具,支持Viterbi解码、动态规划和概率推理。但这些结构依赖二元乘法,仅能建模成对交互。许多符号人工智能任务本质上是三元的,包括知识图谱中的主-谓-宾关系、基于两个前提推出一个结论的逻辑规则,以及结构化决策过程中的多主体依赖。现有神经架构通常通过降维或分解为二元组件来近似这些交互,削弱归纳结构、扭曲关系语义并降低可解释性。本文提出神经三元半环(NTS),一种基于三元Gamma半环理论的可学习、可微分代数框架。核心思想是用神经网络实现原生三元运算符,并通过代数正则化项引导其逼近近似结合律与分配律。该构造使三元关系得以直接表示,而非从二元交互重构。我们建立了合理性结果:当训练中代数违例消失时,学习到的运算符收敛至有效的三元Gamma半环。同时提出了针对三元推理任务(如知识图谱补全、规则推理)的评估策略。研究证明,三元Gamma半环为可学习符号推理提供了数学严谨且实际有效的基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Binary semirings such as the tropical, log, and probability semirings form a core algebraic tool in classical and modern neural inference systems, supporting tasks like Viterbi decoding, dynamic programming, and probabilistic reasoning. However, these structures rely on a binary multiplication operator and therefore model only pairwise interactions. Many symbolic AI tasks are inherently triadic, including subject-predicate-object relations in knowledge graphs, logical rules involving two premises and one conclusion, and multi-entity dependencies in structured decision processes. Existing neural architectures usually approximate these interactions by flattening or factorizing them into binary components, which weakens inductive structure, distorts relational meaning, and reduces interpretability. This paper introduces the Neural Ternary Semiring (NTS), a learnable and differentiable algebraic framework grounded in the theory of ternary Gamma-semirings. The central idea is to replace the usual binary product with a native ternary operator implemented by neural networks and guided by algebraic regularizers enforcing approximate associativity and distributivity. This construction allows triadic relationships to be represented directly rather than reconstructed from binary interactions. We establish a soundness result showing that, when algebraic violations vanish during training, the learned operator converges to a valid ternary Gamma-semiring. We also outline an evaluation strategy for triadic reasoning tasks such as knowledge-graph completion and rule-based inference. These insights demonstrate that ternary Gamma-semirings provide a mathematically principled and practically effective foundation for learnable symbolic reasoning.
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