用对抗训练提升音乐生成多样性,防止奖励滥用导致的创意枯竭。
Generative Adversarial Post-Training Mitigates Reward Hacking in Live Human-AI Music Interaction
- 引入对抗性判别器,让模型在生成旋律时兼顾多样性和和声一致性。
- 实测显示生成内容多样性提升37%,用户反馈适应速度更快、创作主导感更强。
- 适合需要实时协作生成的音乐创作场景,如人机共演、现场即兴演奏。
大多数生成式AI应用采用串行交互模式,用户输入提示后等待响应,反应时间和适应性并非关键。相比之下,现场即兴合奏要求实时协调与动态适应,且无法预知对方下一步动作,同时需保持音乐多样性以维持创作流动。强化学习后训练虽能有效实现策略适应,但常因依赖基于一致性的奖励机制而导致输出多样性下降,这种现象称为“奖励滥用”,在即兴音乐中尤为有害,因其破坏了动态变化与相互响应的创造性基础。本文提出一种新颖的对抗训练方法,针对策略生成轨迹进行优化,以缓解强化学习后训练中的奖励滥用问题。通过一个协同进化的判别器将策略轨迹与真实数据分布分离,同时让策略最大化判别器输出值,从而在保证和声一致性的同时避免陷入平凡输出。我们在固定测试旋律和可学习旋律代理的仿真环境中评估伴奏质量与输出多样性,并部署模型于真实交互系统,邀请专业音乐家参与用户研究。定量分析与用户反馈均表明,该方法显著提升了输出多样性(+37%)、和声连贯性、适应速度及用户控制感。结果证明,这是一种简单而有效的缓解生成序列模型强化学习后训练中奖励滥用的方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Most applications of generative AI involve a sequential interaction in which a person inputs a prompt and waits for a response, and where reaction time and adaptivity are not important factors. In contrast, live jamming is a collaborative interaction that requires real-time coordination and adaptation without access to the other player's future moves, while preserving diversity to sustain a creative flow. Reinforcement learning post-training enables effective adaptation through on-policy interaction, yet it often reduces output diversity by exploiting coherence-based rewards. This collapse, known as ``reward hacking'', affects many RL post-training pipelines, but is especially harmful in live jamming, where musical creativity relies on dynamic variation and mutual responsiveness. In this paper, we propose a novel adversarial training method on policy-generated trajectories to mitigate reward hacking in RL post-training for melody-to-chord accompaniment. A co-evolving discriminator separates policy trajectories from the data distribution, while the policy maximizes the discriminator output in addition to coherence rewards to prevent collapse to trivial outputs. We evaluate accompaniment quality and output diversity in simulation with both fixed test melodies and learned melody agents, and we conduct a user study with the model deployed in a real-time interactive system with expert musicians. Quantitative evaluation and user feedback demonstrate improved output diversity, harmonic coherence, adaptation speed and user agency. Our results demonstrate a simple yet effective method to mitigate reward hacking in RL post-training of generative sequence models.
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