对比主流GPU硬件编码器在4K/8K直播中的性能表现。
Evaluation of Hardware-based Video Encoders on Modern GPUs for UHD Live-Streaming
- 测试NVIDIA、Intel、高通等多代GPU硬件编码器性能。
- 硬件编码器在实时场景下可达到软件编码器的码率-失真水平。
- 新硬件编码器速度提升但画质进步有限，适合直播场景使用。
许多GPU已集成硬件加速视频编码器，可将编码任务从主CPU卸载，提升能效。近年来，H.265/HEVC、VP9、AV1等新编解码器被引入最新GPU。随着VTuber、游戏直播和大型活动直播等实时视频内容兴起，对高效率硬件编码器的需求日益增长，尤其在4K/8K UHD等高分辨率场景下。本文评估并比较了多代NVIDIA、Intel GPU及高通骁龙移动SoC的硬件编码器，与软件编码器（包括最新的H.266/VVC）在PSNR、SSIM和基于机器学习的VMAF等指标下的编码性能、速度与功耗。结果表明，在实时编码场景中，现代GPU硬件编码器可达到与软件编码器相当的码率-失真性能；尽管新硬件编码器速度显著提升，但其码率-失真性能在代际间基本无明显改善。此外，还计算了各硬件编码器为达到YouTube转码画质所需的码率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Many GPUs have incorporated hardware-accelerated video encoders, which allow video encoding tasks to be offloaded from the main CPU and provide higher power efficiency. Over the years, many new video codecs such as H.265/HEVC, VP9, and AV1 were added to the latest GPU boards. Recently, the rise of live video content such as VTuber, game live-streaming, and live event broadcasts, drives the demand for high-efficiency hardware encoders in the GPUs to tackle these real-time video encoding tasks, especially at higher resolutions such as 4K/8K UHD. In this paper, RD performance, encoding speed, as well as power consumption of hardware encoders in several generations of NVIDIA, Intel GPUs as well as Qualcomm Snapdragon Mobile SoCs were evaluated and compared to the software counterparts, including the latest H.266/VVC codec, using several metrics including PSNR, SSIM, and machine-learning based VMAF. The results show that modern GPU hardware encoders can match the RD performance of software encoders in real-time encoding scenarios, and while encoding speed increased in newer hardware, there is mostly negligible RD performance improvement between hardware generations. Finally, the bitrate required for each hardware encoder to match YouTube transcoding quality was also calculated.
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