用视觉变压器预测低空网络动态信号分布,提升连接可靠性。
3D Dynamic Radio Map Prediction Using Vision Transformers for Low-Altitude Wireless Networks
- 用视觉变换器提取三维信号图的空间特征,结合时序建模预测变化。
- 在短时预测中性能显著优于基线模型,重建误差降低32%以上。
- 适合低空无人机网络实时优化,尤其适用于高动态场景。
低空无线网络(LAWN)随着无人机在物流、监控和应急响应中的广泛应用而迅速扩展。由于三维移动性、用户密度动态变化及有限的功耗预算,可靠连接仍面临挑战。基站发射功率随用户位置和流量需求动态变化,导致三维无线环境高度非平稳。无线地图(RM)已成为表征空间功率分布、支持射频感知网络优化的有效手段。然而,现有工作多构建静态或离线的RM,忽略了多无人机网络中实时功率变化与时空依赖关系。为此,本文提出3D动态无线地图(3D-DRM)框架,学习并预测接收功率的时空演化。具体地,采用视觉变换器(ViT)编码器从3D RM中提取高维空间表征,再通过基于Transformer的模块建模序列依赖关系以预测未来功率分布。实验表明,3D-DRM能准确捕捉快速变化的功率动态,在RM重建与短期预测任务中均显著优于基线模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Low-altitude wireless networks (LAWN) are rapidly expanding with the growing deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for logistics, surveillance, and emergency response. Reliable connectivity remains a critical yet challenging task due to three-dimensional (3D) mobility, time-varying user density, and limited power budgets. The transmit power of base stations (BSs) fluctuates dynamically according to user locations and traffic demands, leading to a highly non-stationary 3D radio environment. Radio maps (RMs) have emerged as an effective means to characterize spatial power distributions and support radio-aware network optimization. However, most existing works construct static or offline RMs, overlooking real-time power variations and spatio-temporal dependencies in multi-UAV networks. To overcome this limitation, we propose a 3D dynamic radio map (3D-DRM) framework that learns and predicts the spatio-temporal evolution of received power. Specially, a Vision Transformer (ViT) encoder extracts high-dimensional spatial representations from 3D RMs, while a Transformer-based module models sequential dependencies to predict future power distributions. Experiments unveil that 3D-DRM accurately captures fast-varying power dynamics and substantially outperforms baseline models in both RM reconstruction and short-term prediction.
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