arXiv:2511.19023cs.LGcs.AI2025-11

用专家路由分数自动生成偏好数据,无需人工标注即可提升多模态大模型对齐效果。

OrdMoE: Preference Alignment via Hierarchical Expert Group Ranking in Multimodal Mixture-of-Experts LLMs

  • 利用MoE模型中路由器的专家选择分数构建响应质量层级
  • 通过逐层激活专家生成一系列质量递增的输出,形成自监督偏好序
  • 零成本实现对齐,适合追求低成本微调的多模态LLM研究者

偏好学习已成为多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)后训练对齐的关键策略。然而,现有方法主要依赖外部人工标注的偏好数据,收集成本高且耗时。本文提出OrdMoE,一种无需外部人类偏好数据的新颖对齐框架,其核心思想是利用混合专家(MoE)架构中的内在信号。我们观察到,路由器的专家选择分数隐含地编码了响应质量的排序(即高分专家持续生成更高质量输出)。基于此,OrdMoE通过分析每个令牌的路由分数,将专家分组为按质量排序的层级,并逐层激活以生成一系列质量递增的响应。这构成了无需代价的自监督偏好序,可直接用于标准偏好学习目标优化。在多个多模态基准上的实验证明,OrdMoE显著提升了多模态混合专家大模型的对齐效果与整体性能,在不使用任何人工标注偏好数据的情况下达到竞争力结果。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Preference learning has recently emerged as a pivotal strategy for post-training alignment of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing approaches predominantly rely on external human-annotated preference data, which is costly and labor-intensive to collect. In this work, we propose OrdMoE, a novel preference alignment framework that bypasses the reliance on external human preferences entirely by leveraging intrinsic signals within Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures. Specifically, we observe that the router's expert selection scores implicitly encode a quality-aware ranking of responses (i.e. higher-scoring experts consistently generate higher-quality outputs). Building on this insight, OrdMoE constructs an internal preference hierarchy by grouping experts into ranked tiers based on their per-token routing scores and activating each tier separately to produce a sequence of responses with increasing quality. This yields a zero-cost, self-supervised preference ordering over generated responses, which can be directly optimized using standard preference learning objectives. Extensive experiments across multiple multimodal benchmarks demnstrate that OrdMoE significantly enhances both alignment and overall performance of multimodal Mixture-of-Experts LLMs, achieving competitive results without requiring any human-annotated preference data.

多模态MoE偏好学习自监督

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