研究大模型压缩顺序,找到最佳三步组合提升效率与性能。
A Systematic Study of Compression Ordering for Large Language Models
- 按剪枝-知识蒸馏-量化顺序压缩效果最佳
- 该顺序实现3.68倍压缩比且保持强指令理解能力
- 早用量化会因信息丢失导致性能严重下降
大型语言模型(LLMs)需要大量计算资源,模型压缩对受限环境部署至关重要。主流压缩技术包括知识蒸馏、结构化剪枝和低比特量化,其单独效果已明确,但交互关系与最优顺序尚不清晰。本研究系统评估了在Qwen2.5 3B模型上,单个及组合压缩方案的表现,采用困惑度、G-Eval、清晰度、提示对齐度和压缩比作为指标。实验表明,量化在独立使用时压缩效果最强,剪枝会导致中等程度质量下降。关键发现是:压缩顺序显著影响最终模型质量——剪枝-知识蒸馏-量化(P-KD-Q)顺序表现最优,实现3.68倍压缩比,同时保持强大的指令遵循与语言理解能力。相反,若早期使用量化,会因不可逆的信息损失严重影响后续训练。本研究为资源受限场景下的高效压缩管道设计提供了实用指导。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) require substantial computational resources, making model compression essential for efficient deployment in constrained environments. Among the dominant compression techniques: knowledge distillation, structured pruning, and low-bit quantization, their individual effects are well studied, but their interactions and optimal sequencing remain unclear. This work systematically examines how these techniques perform both independently and in combination when applied to the Qwen2.5 3B model. We evaluate multiple compression pipelines, including single, and proposed three-technique sequences, using perplexity, G-Eval, clarity, prompt alignment, and compression ratio as metrics. Our experiments show that quantization provides the greatest standalone compression, while pruning introduces moderate quality degradation. Critically, the ordering of techniques significantly affects the final model quality: the sequence Pruning, Knowledge Distillation, Quantization (P-KD-Q) yields the best balance, achieving a 3.68x compression ratio while preserving strong instruction-following and language understanding capabilities. Conversely, pipelines applying quantization early suffer severe performance degradation due to irreversible information loss that impairs subsequent training. Overall, this study offers practical insight into designing effective, ordering-aware compression pipelines for deploying LLMs in resource-limited settings.
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