理解语言需将信息传给大脑其他区域构建心智模型。
What does it mean to understand language?
- 语言理解依赖脑区间信息传递，非仅内部处理
- 深层理解需调用感知与记忆相关脑区
- 为研究语言认知机制提供新实验路径
语言理解不仅涉及对语言输入的表层意义提取，更要求构建其所描述情境的丰富心智模型。本文提出，由于大脑核心语言系统内部处理能力有限，真正深入理解语言必须将信息从语言系统输出至其他脑区，这些脑区负责计算感知与运动表征、构建心智模型，并存储世界知识与个人记忆。我们回顾了支持该假说的现有证据，认为认知神经科学的最新进展既提供了概念基础，也提供了直接验证该假说的方法，从而开启了一种揭示语言理解在认知与神经层面真实含义的新策略。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Language understanding entails not just extracting the surface-level meaning of the linguistic input, but constructing rich mental models of the situation it describes. Here we propose that because processing within the brain's core language system is fundamentally limited, deeply understanding language requires exporting information from the language system to other brain regions that compute perceptual and motor representations, construct mental models, and store our world knowledge and autobiographical memories. We review the existing evidence for this hypothesis, and argue that recent progress in cognitive neuroscience provides both the conceptual foundation and the methods to directly test it, thus opening up a new strategy to reveal what it means, cognitively and neurally, to understand language.
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