arXiv:2511.19806cs.CV2025-11

通过分析模型内部表示,让AI在看不清时主动放弃回答,避免因识别错误引发事故。

Reading Between the Lines: Abstaining from VLM-Generated OCR Errors via Latent Representation Probes

  • 用轻量级探针检测模型中间层的隐藏表示来判断不确定性
  • 在四个数据集上使拒绝决策准确率提升7.6%以上
  • 适合对安全要求高的视觉问答系统,如自动驾驶

随着视觉语言模型(VLM)在安全关键场景中的应用,其在不确定时主动拒绝回答的能力对可靠性至关重要,尤其在场景文本视觉问答(STVQA)任务中。例如,将“50 mph”误读为“60 mph”可能引发严重交通事故。现有方法多依赖不可靠的输出概率或不适用于OCR任务的语义一致性,效果不佳。本文提出潜表示探针(LRP):在隐藏状态或注意力模式上训练轻量探针,探索三种设计:跨层拼接表示、视觉标记注意力聚合,以及单层探针多数投票集成。在四个涵盖图像与视频模态的基准上,LRP相比最佳基线提升7.6%的拒绝准确率。分析显示,探针可泛化至多种不确定性来源和数据集,且最优信号来自中间层而非最终层。该方法为构建可部署的可信AI系统提供了基于内部状态的信心检测范式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As VLMs are deployed in safety-critical applications, their ability to abstain from answering when uncertain becomes crucial for reliability, especially in Scene Text Visual Question Answering (STVQA) tasks. For example, OCR errors like misreading "50 mph" as "60 mph" could cause severe traffic accidents. This leads us to ask: Can VLMs know when they can't see? Existing abstention methods suggest pessimistic answers: they either rely on miscalibrated output probabilities or require semantic agreement unsuitable for OCR tasks. However, this failure may indicate we are looking in the wrong place: uncertainty signals could be hidden in VLMs' internal representations. Building on this insight, we propose Latent Representation Probing (LRP): training lightweight probes on hidden states or attention patterns. We explore three probe designs: concatenating representations across all layers, aggregating attention over visual tokens, and ensembling single layer probes by majority vote. Experiments on four benchmarks across image and video modalities show LRP improves abstention accuracy by 7.6\% over best baselines. Our analysis reveals: probes generalize across various uncertainty sources and datasets, and optimal signals emerge from intermediate rather than final layers. This establishes a principled framework for building deployment-ready AI systems by detecting confidence signals from internal states rather than unreliable outputs.

视觉语言模型不确定性估计安全可靠AIOCR纠错

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