arXiv:2511.20256cs.CV2025-11被引 9

用图像自生成奖励提升生成质量,避免传统评分陷阱。

The Image as Its Own Reward: Reinforcement Learning with Adversarial Reward for Image Generation

  • 以参考图像和视觉基础模型生成密集视觉奖励
  • 在人评中图像质量和美学得分分别达70.0%和72.4%胜率
  • 支持风格迁移与灵活定制,适合高质量图像生成场景

可靠的奖励函数对图像生成中的强化学习至关重要。现有方法多依赖预训练偏好模型输出标量奖励以近似人类偏好,但这类奖励常无法反映人类感知,且易受奖励劫持影响。为此,我们提出Adv-GRPO框架,通过对抗式更新奖励模型与生成器,利用参考图像作为正样本监督奖励模型,有效防止被劫持。不同于依赖KL正则化的参数约束,本方法通过学习到的视觉奖励直接引导生成器输出。尽管优化现有奖励可缓解劫持问题,其固有偏差仍存在:例如PickScore会降低图像质量,基于OCR的奖励常损害美学表现。为此,我们以图像本身作为奖励,结合参考图像与视觉基础模型(如DINO)提供丰富视觉信号,替代单一标量奖励,显著提升图像质量、美学及任务指标表现。此外,结合参考样本与基础模型奖励可实现分布迁移与灵活风格定制。人类评估显示,该方法在图像质量与美学上分别取得70.0%和72.4%的胜率,优于Flow-GRPO与SD3。代码与模型已公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A reliable reward function is essential for reinforcement learning (RL) in image generation. Most current RL approaches depend on pre-trained preference models that output scalar rewards to approximate human preferences. However, these rewards often fail to capture human perception and are vulnerable to reward hacking, where higher scores do not correspond to better images. To address this, we introduce Adv-GRPO, an RL framework with an adversarial reward that iteratively updates both the reward model and the generator. The reward model is supervised using reference images as positive samples and can largely avoid being hacked. Unlike KL regularization that constrains parameter updates, our learned reward directly guides the generator through its visual outputs, leading to higher-quality images. Moreover, while optimizing existing reward functions can alleviate reward hacking, their inherent biases remain. For instance, PickScore may degrade image quality, whereas OCR-based rewards often reduce aesthetic fidelity. To address this, we take the image itself as a reward, using reference images and vision foundation models (e.g., DINO) to provide rich visual rewards. These dense visual signals, instead of a single scalar, lead to consistent gains across image quality, aesthetics, and task-specific metrics. Finally, we show that combining reference samples with foundation-model rewards enables distribution transfer and flexible style customization. In human evaluation, our method outperforms Flow-GRPO and SD3, achieving 70.0% and 72.4% win rates in image quality and aesthetics, respectively. Code and models have been released.

图像生成强化学习对抗奖励视觉模型

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