arXiv:2511.20636cs.LG2025-11被引 3

用图像直接生成3D打印代码,跳过复杂建模步骤。

Image2Gcode: Image-to-G-code Generation for Additive Manufacturing Using Diffusion-Transformer Model

  • 输入2D图像,直接生成可执行的G-code打印路径。
  • 基于扩散模型迭代去噪,实现从图像到打印指令的端到端映射。
  • 适合快速原型、设计修复和分布式制造场景。

传统机械设计与制造流程依赖于概念设计、CAD建模及材料挤出打印中的切片与路径规划。尽管各环节成熟,但对CAD建模的依赖仍是主要瓶颈:构建特定3D几何结构耗时且难以支持快速迭代。微小设计变更通常需手动更新CAD,导致效率低下。为此,本文提出Image2Gcode,一种无需CAD的端到端数据驱动框架,直接从图像或草图生成打印机可用的G-code。该框架从输入图像提取分层结构特征,采用去噪扩散概率模型(DDPM)对G-code序列进行建模,通过迭代去噪将高斯噪声转化为含挤出参数的可执行打印轨迹,建立视觉输入与原生工具路径的直接映射。此方法省去CAD或STL中间环节,降低增材制造门槛,加速从设计到实物的周期。支持从草图或视觉参考即刻生成原型,并可集成上游2D到3D重建模块,形成从概念到实体的自动化流水线。结果表明,该框架在灵活性与计算效率上显著提升设计迭代、修复流程与分布式制造的可行性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Mechanical design and manufacturing workflows conventionally begin with conceptual design, followed by the creation of a computer-aided design (CAD) model and fabrication through material-extrusion (MEX) printing. This process requires converting CAD geometry into machine-readable G-code through slicing and path planning. While each step is well established, dependence on CAD modeling remains a major bottleneck: constructing object-specific 3D geometry is slow and poorly suited to rapid prototyping. Even minor design variations typically necessitate manual updates in CAD software, making iteration time-consuming and difficult to scale. To address this limitation, we introduce Image2Gcode, an end-to-end data-driven framework that bypasses the CAD stage and generates printer-ready G-code directly from images and part drawings. Instead of relying on an explicit 3D model, a hand-drawn or captured 2D image serves as the sole input. The framework first extracts slice-wise structural cues from the image and then employs a denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) over G-code sequences. Through iterative denoising, the model transforms Gaussian noise into executable print-move trajectories with corresponding extrusion parameters, establishing a direct mapping from visual input to native toolpaths. By producing structured G-code directly from 2D imagery, Image2Gcode eliminates the need for CAD or STL intermediates, lowering the entry barrier for additive manufacturing and accelerating the design-to-fabrication cycle. This approach supports on-demand prototyping from simple sketches or visual references and integrates with upstream 2D-to-3D reconstruction modules to enable an automated pipeline from concept to physical artifact. The result is a flexible, computationally efficient framework that advances accessibility in design iteration, repair workflows, and distributed manufacturing.

3D打印扩散模型图像生成自动化制造

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