电动车充电协同框架提升电网韧性,兼顾用户舒适与系统效率。
Resilient Charging Infrastructure via Decentralized Coordination of Electric Vehicles at Scale
- 基于集体学习动态调整电动车充电行为优先级。
- 实测显示排队和行驶时间显著减少,最高降幅达30%。
- 适合高故障率场景,增强去中心化充电系统的鲁棒性。
电动车快速普及给去中心化充电控制带来挑战。现有方法虽能高效协调大量电动车选择充电桩、降低能源成本、避免用电高峰并保护用户隐私,但在严重故障(如站点瘫痪或突发充电需求激增)下表现不佳,导致资源竞争加剧、队列变长、用户体验下降。为此,本文提出一种基于集体学习的协同框架,使电动车在个体舒适度与系统整体效率(各站点总队列长度)间实现权衡。该框架引导电动车自适应调整行为,在不同站点容量与时空分布条件下达成帕累托最优。利用真实世界电动车及充电站数据进行实验表明,相比基线方法,本方案显著缩短了出行与排队时间。结果还发现,在不确定充电环境下,适时采取自私或利他行为的用户等待时间更短,优于全程保持中庸策略者。在高比例站点故障与对抗性电动车场景下,进一步验证了系统更强的韧性与可信度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) introduces major challenges for decentralized charging control. Existing decentralized approaches efficiently coordinate a large number of EVs to select charging stations while reducing energy costs, preventing power peak and preserving driver privacy. However, they often struggle under severe contingencies, such as station outages or unexpected surges in charging requests. These situations create competition for limited charging slots, resulting in long queues and reduced driver comfort. To address these limitations, we propose a novel collective learning-based coordination framework that allows EVs to balance individual comfort on their selections against system-wide efficiency, i.e., the overall queues across all stations. In the framework, EVs are recommended for adaptive charging behaviors that shift priority between comfort and efficiency, achieving Pareto-optimal trade-offs under varying station capacities and dynamic spatio-temporal EV distribution. Experiments using real-world data from EVs and charging stations show that the proposed approach outperforms baseline methods, significantly reducing travel and queuing time. The results reveal that, under uncertain charging conditions, EV drivers that behave selfishly or altruistically at the right moments achieve shorter waiting time than those maintaining moderate behavior throughout. Our findings under high fractions of station outages and adversarial EVs further demonstrate improved resilience and trustworthiness of decentralized EV charging infrastructure.
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