用子目标图增强大模型规划,让机器人在开放世界中更准执行任务。
Subgoal Graph-Augmented Planning for LLM-Guided Open-World Reinforcement Learning
- 分三步走:生成、批评、优化,避免大模型自说自话
- 22个任务实测,执行成功率显著提升,错误率下降40%以上
- 适合做复杂环境自主决策的科研与工程人员
大语言模型(LLMs)能将任务分解为子目标,具备强大的高层规划能力。然而其实际应用受限于规划与执行间的错位:一方面,子目标虽语义合理却在环境中不可行或无关;另一方面,单一模型同时负责生成与验证,导致过于自信但不可靠的规划。为此,本文提出子目标图增强的演员-评论家-精炼器框架(SGA-ACR),通过引入环境特定的子目标图与结构化实体知识,结合多模型分工的规划流程,明确分离生成、批评与精炼阶段,生成可执行且可验证的子目标。子目标追踪器实时监控执行进展,提供辅助奖励并动态更新子目标图,保持计划与行为的一致性。在开放世界游戏Crafter中的22个多样化任务上进行实验,结果表明该方法有效提升了规划质量与任务完成率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLMs) offer strong high-level planning capabilities for reinforcement learning (RL) by decomposing tasks into subgoals. However, their practical utility is limited by poor planning-execution alignment, which reflects a critical gap between abstract plans and actionable, environment-compatible behaviors. This misalignment arises from two interrelated limitations: (1) LLMs often produce subgoals that are semantically plausible but infeasible or irrelevant in the target environment due to insufficient grounding in environment-specific knowledge, and (2) single-LLM planning conflates generation with self-verification, resulting in overconfident yet unreliable subgoals that frequently fail during execution. To address these challenges, we propose Subgoal Graph-Augmented Actor-Critic-Refiner (SGA-ACR), a framework that integrates an environment-specific subgoal graph and structured entity knowledge with a multi-LLM planning pipeline that explicitly separates generation, critique, and refinement to produce executable and verifiable subgoals. A subgoal tracker further monitors execution progress, provides auxiliary rewards, and adaptively updates the subgoal graph to maintain alignment between plans and actions. Experimental results on 22 diverse tasks in the open-world game "Crafter" demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
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