针对异构Wi-Fi信号数据,提出自适应原型聚合方法提升人群计数精度与通信效率。
FedAPA: Federated Learning with Adaptive Prototype Aggregation Toward Heterogeneous Wi-Fi CSI-based Crowd Counting
- 通过相似性加权动态聚合客户端原型,实现个性化全局模型
- 在6个场景下最多20人时,准确率提升9.65%,通信开销降低95.94%
- 适合分布式、设备异构的无线感知应用,尤其关注隐私保护场景
基于Wi-Fi信道状态信息(CSI)的传感技术为人体活动识别与人群计数提供了非侵入式、无需设备的解决方案,但大规模部署受限于需大量本地训练数据。联邦学习(FL)可避免原始数据共享,却面临感知数据异构性与设备资源差异的挑战。本文提出FedAPA,一种协作式Wi-Fi CSI人群计数算法,采用自适应原型聚合(APA)策略,依据相似性为同行原型分配权重,实现客户端贡献自适应,并生成每个客户端的个性化全局原型,而非固定权重聚合。本地训练中,采用分类学习与表示对比学习相结合的混合目标,对齐局部与全局知识。我们提供了FedAPA的收敛性分析,并在包含六个环境、最多20人的真实分布式场景中评估其性能。结果表明,相比多个基线,本方法在准确率、F1分数、平均绝对误差(MAE)及通信开销方面均表现更优:准确率至少提升9.65%,F1分数提高9%,MAE降低0.29,通信开销减少95.94%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI)-based sensing provides a non-invasive, device-free approach for tasks such as human activity recognition and crowd counting, but large-scale deployment is hindered by the need for extensive site-specific training data. Federated learning (FL) offers a way to avoid raw data sharing but is challenged by heterogeneous sensing data and device resources. This paper proposes FedAPA, a collaborative Wi-Fi CSI-based sensing algorithm that uses adaptive prototype aggregation (APA) strategy to assign similarity-based weights to peer prototypes, enabling adaptive client contributions and yielding a personalized global prototype for each client instead of a fixed-weight aggregation. During local training, we adopt a hybrid objective that combines classification learning with representation contrastive learning to align local and global knowledge. We provide a convergence analysis of FedAPA and evaluate it in a real-world distributed Wi-Fi crowd counting scenario with six environments and up to 20 people. The results show that our method outperform multiple baselines in terms of accuracy, F1 score, mean absolute error (MAE), and communication overhead, with FedAPA achieving at least a 9.65% increase in accuracy, a 9% gain in F1 score, a 0.29 reduction in MAE, and a 95.94% reduction in communication overhead.
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