提出渐进式视觉压缩,让多模态大模型高效处理高分辨率图像。
LLaVA-UHD v3: Progressive Visual Compression for Efficient Native-Resolution Encoding in MLLMs
- 用分层压缩模块逐步融合图像局部特征,提升编码效率。
- 在相同架构下,推理速度比MoonViT快2.4倍,比Qwen2-VL快1.9倍。
- 适合追求高分辨率输入与快速响应的多模态应用开发者。
视觉编码后接标记压缩已成为多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)的标准架构范式。近期模型越来越多地采用全局原生分辨率编码而非分块方法。为探究此趋势,我们系统比较了二者在视觉-语言理解与注意力模式上的表现,发现全局编码虽提升整体能力,但计算开销更大。为此,我们提出基于渐进式视觉压缩(PVC)的LLaVA-UHD v3,可无缝集成至标准视觉变换器(ViT)中,实现高效原生分辨率编码。PVC包含两个核心模块:(i) 优化的图像块嵌入,支持灵活的块尺寸缩放以实现细粒度建模;(ii) 窗口化标记压缩,分层部署于ViT各层,逐级聚合局部标记表示。两模块协同调控,使广泛预训练的ViT可重构为高效架构,同时基本保持泛化性。在多个基准测试中,所转换的ViT-UHD在与MoonViT相当性能下,将TTFT(首标记生成时间)降低2.4倍;基于ViT-UHD构建的LLaVA-UHD v3,在性能上媲美Qwen2-VL,且进一步将TTFT降低1.9倍。代码与模型权重将开源,以支持高效多模态大模型研究。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Visual encoding followed by token condensing has become the standard architectural paradigm in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). Many recent MLLMs increasingly favor global native- resolution visual encoding over slice-based methods. To investigate this trend, we systematically compare their behavior on vision-language understanding and attention patterns, revealing that global encoding enhances overall capability but at the expense of greater computational overhead. To address this issue, we present LLaVA-UHD v3, an MLLM centered upon our proposed Progressive Visual Compression (PVC) method, which can be seamlessly integrated into standard Vision Transformer (ViT) to enable efficient native-resolution encoding. The PVC approach consists of two key modules: (i) refined patch embedding, which supports flexible patch-size scaling for fine-grained visual model- ing, (ii) windowed token compression, hierarchically deployed across ViT layers to progressively aggregate local token representations. Jointly modulated by these two modules, a widely pretrained ViT can be reconfigured into an efficient architecture while largely preserving generality. Evaluated across extensive benchmarks, the transformed ViT, termed ViT-UHD, demonstrates competitive performance with MoonViT while reducing TTFT (time-to-first-token) by 2.4x, when developed within an identical MLLM architecture. Building upon ViT-UHD, LLaVA-UHD v3 also achieves competitive performance to Qwen2-VL, while further reducing TTFT by 1.9x. We will release all code and checkpoints to support future research on efficient MLLMs.
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