用多奖励强化学习优化语音生成,提升单码本语音大模型的自然度和稳定性。
Multi-Reward GRPO for Stable and Prosodic Single-Codebook TTS LLMs at Scale
- 设计多奖励GRPO框架,融合长度、熵与韵律监督优化生成策略。
- 在LJSpeech上实现92.1%语音相似度,比基线提升8.3个百分点。
- 适合追求高自然度语音合成的开发者和研究者使用。
近期大型语言模型(LLMs)的发展推动了文本到语音(TTS)合成的变革,催生了将语音表示为离散编码器令牌序列的自回归框架。其中,单码本TTS LLM因其紧凑和可流式传输的特性而受到关注,能联合建模语义与声学信息。然而,这类模型常出现韵律不稳、说话人漂移和自然度下降的问题。为此,我们提出一种多奖励组相对策略优化(Multi-Reward GRPO)框架,直接优化单码本TTS LLM的令牌生成策略。除标准的可懂性和说话人相似度目标外,还引入三项基于规则的奖励:长度惩罚以保证时长一致性,熵正则化奖励增强解码稳定性,以及由外部推理型LLM通过上下文学习预测多种合理停顿结构所生成的韵律对齐奖励,提供符合人类偏好的监督信号。为验证通用性,我们在GRPO优化的自回归骨干上附加流匹配(FM)解码器,观察到持续增益,表明该强化优化提升了内在自回归策略。我们进一步进行了跨数据规模与模型尺度的可扩展性分析,结果表明该方法在单码本TTS LLM中一致提升了韵律稳定性、说话人相似度和整体语音自然度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, inspiring autoregressive frameworks that represent speech as sequences of discrete codec tokens. Among them, single-codebook TTS LLMs have emerged as compact and streamable architectures that jointly model semantic and acoustic integration. However, despite their efficiency, these models often exhibit unstable prosody, speaker drift, and degraded naturalness. To address these issues, we propose a multi-reward Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) framework that directly optimizes the token generation policy of single-codebook TTS LLMs. Beyond standard intelligibility and speaker similarity objectives, our design integrates three rule-based rewards: a length penalty for duration consistency, an entropy regularization reward for decoding stability, and an LLM-annotated prosody alignment reward that explicitly supervises rhythm. In this prosody reward, an external reasoning LLM predicts multiple plausible pause structures via in-context learning, providing a human-preference-aligned supervisory signal for GRPO training. To assess universality, we further attach a flow-matching (FM) decoder on top of the GRPO-optimized AR backbone and observe consistent additional gains, indicating that our reinforcement optimization enhances the intrinsic AR policy. We further conduct a scalability analysis across data sizes and model scales, revealing that the proposed method consistently enhances prosodic stability, speaker similarity, and overall speech naturalness in single-codebook TTS LLMs.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。